This paper presents a new method for analyzing words in the Persian language context to find orthographical and structural errors regardless of the meaning. This technique tokenizes each word in a statement then tries to detect the kind of word, and analyses its correctness in terms of orthography and morphology by means of a lexicon. It should be noted that some words in the Persian language h...

The paper aims to describe an orthography discussion in the Ukrainian diaspora second half of XX century. Language processes that took place environment are essential element history national language. practice language use among Ukrainians abroad is a unique source data, part linguistic fund. Archive documents from personal archive collections M. Demkovych-Dobryanskyi (head editorial office Ra...

The present study analyses written narratives of 60 Portuguese-German bilingual children between 8 and 15 years living in Switzerland, both their languages. Portuguese is the children’s heritage language (HL) German environmental language. analysis focusses on lexical, morphological structural knowledge verb domain (verb types, agreement morphology, verbal tense, word order within VP, orthograp...

In this article, we shall be concerned with the isolated segmental syllable of Mandarin,1 and will be leaving aside the suprasegmental component of tone. A traditional model of the Chinese syllable (see Figure 2) splits up a syllable into two basic subsyllabic components: an initial (shēngmǔ 声母, i. e. an initial consonant), and a final (yùnmǔ 韵母, i. e. the rest of the syllable). This traditiona...

Second languages (L2s) are often learned through spoken and written input, and L2 orthographic forms (spellings) can lead to non-native-like pronunciation. The present study investigated whether orthography can lead experienced learners of EnglishL2 to make a phonological contrast in their speech production that does not exist in English. Double consonants represent geminate (long) consonants i...

There are at least 6,000 languages spoken in the world today [1]. The world’s languages are represented by a variety of writing systems called “orthographies.” Orthographies are the symbols used to represent spoken language. You are looking at one type of orthography now, as you read this! So, an orthography consists of the symbols used to turn a spoken language into a written form. However, or...

Tone languages provide some interesting challenges for the designers of new orthographies. One approach is to omit tone marks, just as stress is not marked in English (zero marking). Another approach is to do phonemic tone analysis and then make heavy use of diacritic symbols to distinguish the ‘tonemes’ (exhaustive marking). While orthographies based on either system have been successful, this...

This article analyzes the written expression in WhatsApp-type instant messaging applications of Andalusian adolescents who are last years compulsory education Spain. It aims to establish relationship between most relevant characteristics digital norm used by their communications through WhatsApp and dialectal variety Spanish. Additionally, this study intends determine whether writing influences...