In the course of development world civil construction, soil is a building material that can function as foundation structure. Clay type soft with fine grain characteristics. The has shrinkage property where when exposed to water it will expand according amount absorbed, but dry shrink its original dimensions non-directional compaction. consistency clay does not support safety supports. construc...

Language comprehension in humans is very robust. With apparent ease, language users can grasp the meaning of utterances made in very bad acoustic conditions or containing grammatical errors. A key mechanism in achieving this robustness is the ability of the listener to predict what the speaker is likely to say. According to recent work in psycholinguistics, these predictions are made by covertl...

This paper reports further progress into a computational implementation of a new formalism for construction grammar, known as Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG). We focus in particular on how hierarchy can be implemented. The paper analyses the requirements for a proper treatment of hierarchy in grammar and then proposes a particular solution based on a new operator, known as the J-operator. The ...

introduction: determination of waves and the pattern of coastal currents is the first step in finding the effective physical factors on marine environments and coastal regions. moreover, wave induced currents play important roles in the determination of geometry and shape of coasts. in this research, patterns of longshore currents are simulated for situations before and after construction of je...

Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG) is a formalism for defining the inventory of lexical and grammatical conventions that language processing requires and the operations with which this inventory is used to parse and produce sentences. This chapter introduces some of the key ideas and basic design principles behind the development of Fluid Construction Grammar.

German case syncretism is often assumed to be the accidental by-product of historical development. This paper contradicts this claim and argues that the evolution of German case is driven by the need to optimize the cognitive effort and memory required for processing and interpretation. This hypothesis is supported by a novel kind of computational experiments that reconstruct and compare attest...