This paper presents results following 6 growing seasons of a project designed to examine the use of tree shelters as a means to provide initial shade for planted Engelmann spruce seedlings. Seedlings were planted in 1996 on a 48-ha (119-ac) high-elevation site with different colors of tree shelters providing various degrees of shading. A control treatment, consisting of shading using debris wit...

By understanding that disasters are everyone's business, not only a civil matter, but the involvement of military is necessary. Civil-military collaboration has proven capable speeding up disaster management so number victims and damage can be minimized. MOOTW (Military Operations Other Than War) carried out in harmony with social, technological knowledge changes society provide cooperative ass...

The year 1999 marks a remarkable turnaround in Nigeria’s history and bid for global reckoning as a democratic nation having grappled with a sustained military rule for many decades after her independence. However, with the country’s return to democratic rule, many teething problems evolved which of course is not strange to young and emerging democracies such as Nigeria’s particularly after many...

New York City faces the challenge of an ever-increasing homeless population with almost 60,000 people currently living in city shelters. In 2015, approximately 25% of families stayed longer than 9 months in a shelter, and 17% of families with children that exited a homeless shelter returned to the shelter system within 30 days of leaving. This suggests that ”long-term” shelter residents and tho...

the sanjâbi or senjâwi tribe was one of the kurdish tribes in west of iranthatsupportedthetransitionalgovernment of nizam al-saltana and its nationalist supporters and united with ottoman and german forces to express its opposition to the presence and activities of russian and britishtroopsduringtheworldwari.  after the victory of russian and britisharmiesiniranianwestern regions, this tribe be...