Multinomial subjective opinions are a special type of belief functions, where belief mass can be assigned to singletons of the frame as well as to the whole frame, but not to overlapping subsets of the frame. The multiplicative product of two multinomial opinions applies to the Cartesian product of the two corresponding frames. The challenge when multiplying multinomial opinions is that the raw...

Dollo's Law, the idea that the loss of complex features in evolution is irreversible, is a popular concept in evolutionary biology. Here we review how application of recent phylogenetic methods, genomics and evo-devo approaches is changing our view of Dollo's Law and its underlying mechanisms. Phylogenetic studies have recently demonstrated cases where seemingly complex features such as digits ...

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