Short answer questions for reading comprehension are a common task in foreign language learning. Automatic short answer scoring is the task of automatically assessing the semantic content of a student’s answer, marking it e.g. as correct or incorrect. While previous approaches mainly focused on comparing a learner answer to some reference answer provided by the teacher, we explore the use of th...

A standard-form Wadati-Konno-Ichikawa(WKI) type integrable hierarchy is derived from a corresponding matrix spectral problem associated with the Lie algebra sl(2, R). Each equation in resulting has bi-Hamiltonian structure furnished by trace identity. Then, higher grading affine algebraic construction of some special cases proposed. We also show that eneralized short pulse arises naturally nega...