Hermes’ Sub Harmonic Summation (SHS) pitch determination algorithm is an effective technique for extracting the percept of pitch from human speech [1]. Effective determination of the pitch in a passage of speech is believed to be fundamental for higher level speech processing applications such as speech or speaker recognition. Of particular interest is the need to extract pitch from speech in l...

In this paper, we propose a framework to analyze Markov reward models, which are commonly used in system performability analysis. The framework builds on a set of analytical tools developed for a class of stochastic processes referred to as Stochastic Hybrid Systems (SHS). The state space of an SHS is comprised of: i) a discrete state that describes the possible configurations/modes that a syst...

We present a general framework for carrying out perturbation analysis in Stochastic Hybrid Systems (SHS) of arbitrary structure. In particular, Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis (IPA) is used to provide unbiased gradient estimates of performance metrics with respect to various controllable parameters. These can be combined with standard gradient-based algorithms for optimization purposes and ...

Pacifigorgianes 1 are a small group of sesquiterpenes, containing bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane moiety, found to be present in both marine and terrestrial sources. The first member of this group, ichthyotoxic (+)pacifigorgiol 2 was isolated in 1982 by the research groups of Fenical and Clardy 1 from the pacific gorgonian coral Pacifigorgia cf. adamssi. Later in 1986, Simpa and coworkers 2 reported the i...

Certain assumptions about the nature of phonology must be considered, even lacking agreement on which assumptions to make. First and foremost, deciding whether phonology is based on rules or constraints, or a mix of the two, requires having objectively expressible statements of phonologies within different frameworks whose consequences can be compared. Therefore the theories must have a definit...

We provide an overview of the recently developed general infinitesimal perturbation analysis (IPA) framework for stochastic hybrid systems (SHSs), and establish some conditions under which this framework can be used to obtain unbiased performance gradient estimates in a particularly simple and efficient manner. We also propose a general scheme for systematically deriving an abstraction of a dis...

In this study, the hierarchical model of achievement motivation (Elliot, 1997) is used to investigate the motivational mechanism behind the relationship between fear of failure and selfhandicapping adoption. A cross-sectional design was employed. The participants were 691 college students enrolled in physical education in Taiwan. Students completed the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (P...

The ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of apopinene is reported. We find that apopinene reacts with Rubased metathesis catalysts to provide an all trans-polymer with a polydispersity index (PDI) as low as 1.6 and molecular weights in the 1100 to 15 600 g·mol−1 range (9−127 monomer units). Because apopinene is readily prepared in one-step from myrtenal or two-steps from α-pinene, both...

Since the molybdenum and ruthenium carbene complexes 1a and 1b were discovered by Schrock and Grubbs in 1990 and 1992, synthetic organic chemistry has progressed with the use of these complexes as the catalyst for olefin metathesis. It was found that the ruthenium carbene complex was also effective for enyne metathesis, which occurs between an alkene and an alkyne. Intramolecular enyne metathes...

The present study investigated whether the short version of the Self-Handicapping Scale (SHS; Rhodewalt, 1990) is a reliable measure of self-handicapping outside of academic settings. Across 3 samples of athletes, analyses indicated that SHS items were not very meaningful to respondents and the subscales lacked internal consistency, particularly the e€ort subscale (a and composite reliability e...