The feasibility of constructing polymer/clay nanocomposites with polypeptides as the matrix material is shown. Cationic poly-L-lysine HBr (PLL) was reinforced by sodium montmorillonite clay. The PLL/clay nanocomposites were made via the solution-intercalation film-casting technique. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy data indicated that montmorillonite layers intercalated wi...

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Nanocomposites of clay minerals and surfactants are of practical importance in many fields. Beside the use of these systems for pollution removal from waste water, they can also be used as catalysts, to stabilize clay formations while drilling for hydrocarbons, or for improving the strength of polymers. The nanocomposites are obtained through exchange of natural counter ions by ionic surfactant...

Management of soils to reduce the amount of PM10 emitted during agricultural tillage operations is important for attainment of air quality standards in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV). The purpose of this study was to improve and expand upon earlier work of predicting tillage-generated dust emissions based on soil properties. We focus on gravimetric soil water content (GWC) and soil textu...

The transport of gas in clay-based materials is dominated by diffusion. SCK CEN has studied and recorded an extensive data set diffusion coefficients gases various saturated clays (Boom Clay, Opalinus Callovo-Oxfordian claystone bentonites) used Europe as host formations or engineered barrier systems the context deep geological disposal high intermediate level nuclear wastes. However, partially...

Safe disposal of nuclear waste is an important environmental challenge. Several countries are investigating deep geological disposal as a long-term solution for their high-level waste. In Belgium, the Oligocene Boom Clay is the reference host formation for research purposes and for the safety and feasibility assessment of the deep disposal of high-level and/or long-lived radioactive waste. The ...

ÐSorption and transformation of 1-naphthol by a K-smectite (K-SWy-2) were studied using batch sorption isotherms, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The sorbents included three preparations of the reference smectite clay (SWy-2): (1) whole clay containing naturally occurring carbonate impurities, (2) SWy-2 with the removal of carbonate impurities, and (...

The main purpose of the current research is comparing the results of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) with regard to determination of the importance of soil properties affecting clay dispersibility. After taking samples from two depths of 0-40 and 40-80 cm, the spontaneous and mechanical dispersions of clay were recorded using both weighing and ...

The negative electrical field around clay particles whose edge thickness is small relative to the Debye length of the diffuse double layer associated with the planar surfaces may spill over into the edge region. Such a spillover may affect B adsorption by the clay. This study was conducted to determine the effect of edge surface properties of 2:1 clay on B adsorption. Pyrophyllite, which shows ...

The biological stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) is influenced by the chemical structure of SOC and the existence of various mechanisms of protection offered by soil minerals and their spatial arrangement within the soil matrix (Baldock and Skjemstad, 2000). In addition to defining the potential availability of SOC to decomposer organisms living in soils, the chemical structure of SOC also...