Natural and technological interdependent systems have been shown to be highly vulnerable due to cascading failures and an abrupt collapse of global connectivity under initial failure. Mitigating the risk by partial disconnection endangers their functionality. Here we propose a systematic strategy of selecting a minimum number of autonomous nodes that guarantee a smooth transition in robustness....

GRW theory offers precise laws for the collapse of the wave function. These collapses are characterized by two new constants, λ and σ. Recent work has put experimental upper bounds on the collapse rate, λ. Lower bounds on λ have been more controversial since GRW begins to take on a many-worlds character for small values of λ. Here I examine GRW in this odd region of parameter space where collap...

Collapse failure under external pressure is one of the common forms casing. Much research has been performed on casing body, but few threaded connection, in view general belief that connection a thicker wall and larger collapse strength than body. However, pressure, sealing capacity worn will decrease due to deformation structure, so influence ability should be considered determine In this pape...

We study lower and upper bounds on the parameters for stochastic state vector reduction, focusing on the mass-proportional continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model. We show that the assumption that the state vector is reduced when a latent image is formed, in photography or etched track detection, requires a CSL reduction rate parameter λ that is larger than conventionally assumed by a f...

Recent theoretical investigations (M. Beneke et al 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 1914) of two-body hadronic B decays have provided justification, at least to order α s , for the use of the factorization ansatz to evaluate the B decay matrix elements provided the decay meson containing the spectator quark is not heavy. Although data is now available on many charmless two-body B decay channels, it is ...

BACKGROUND Hurricane Katrina and levee failures disrupted healthcare access for hundreds of thousands of New Orleans residents. Few models exist to explain community stakeholders' priorities for post-disaster recovery while building capacity for response. This project engaged community stakeholders in a rapid, participatory assessment of health priorities 1 year post-disaster, to inform the pol...

Since the mean characteristic of nucleate boiling is bubble formation and collapse near the heating surface, in this study attempts have been made to investigate heat transfer effects due to the bubbles ebullition and collapse cycle. All possible heat transfer mechanisms are studied qualitatively and quantitatively. For quantitative calculation of the heat transfer portion by each of the introd...

In left-right symmetric models, large contributions to the decay amplitude b → sγ can arise from the mixing of the WL and WR gauge bosons as well as from the charged Higgs boson. These amplitudes are enhanced by the factor mt/mb compared to the contributions in the standard model. We use the recent CLEO results on the radiative B decay to place constraints on the WL − WR mixing angle ζ and the ...