let $gamma$ be a normal subgroup of the full automorphism group $aut(g)$ of a group $g$‎, ‎and assume that $inn(g)leq gamma$‎. ‎an endomorphism $sigma$ of $g$ is said to be {it $gamma$-central} if $sigma$ induces the the identity on the factor group $g/c_g(gamma)$‎. ‎clearly‎, ‎if $gamma=inn(g)$‎, ‎then a $gamma$-central endomorphism is a {it central} endomorphism‎. ‎in this article the conditi...

Gene expression in members of the family Bacillaceae becomes compartmentalized after the distinctive, asymmetrically located sporulation division. It involves complete compartmentalization of the activities of sporulation-specific sigma factors, sigma(F) in the prespore and then sigma(E) in the mother cell, and then later, following engulfment, sigma(G) in the prespore and then sigma(K) in the ...

The Bacillus subtilis gene pgsA, which codes for the phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase that catalyzes the committed step for the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), is essential since Pspac-pgsA cells require IPTG for growth. Removal of the inducer caused a dramatic decrease of PG content in the membranes of cells and retarded growth. At 60 min and 120 min after removal, it was reduced ...

abstract background: today, the rate of surgeries is increasing, but surgeries are canceled due to various reasons. unexpected cancellation of surgeries not only results in disorder in the operating room schedule, but also causes stress for patients and their family and increases costs. we determined the number and causes of surgery cancellations and areas for improvement. materials and methods...

Alternative sigma factors allow bacteria to reprogram global transcription rapidly and to adapt to changes in the environment. Here we report on growth- and cell division-dependent sigma(32) regulon activity in Escherichia coli in batch culture. By analyzing sigma(32) expression in growing cells, an increase in sigma(32) protein levels is observed during the first round of cell division after e...

We perform three tests on our proposal to implement diffeomorphism invariance in the nonabelian D0-brane DBI action as a basepoint independence constraint between matrix Riemann normal coordinate systems. First we show that T-duality along an isometry correctly interchanges the potential and kinetic terms in the action. Second, we show that the method to impose basepoint independence using an a...

in this note we characterize the compact weighted frobenius-perron operator $p$ on $l^1(sigma)$ and determine their spectra. we also show that every weakly compact weighted frobenius-perron operator on $l^1(sigma)$ is compact.

We use a previously derived integral representation for the four graviton amplitude at two loops in Super-string theory, whose leading term for vanishing momenta gives the two-loop contribution to the R term in the Effective Action. We find by an explicit computation that this contribution is zero, in agreement with a general argument implying the vanishing of the R term beyond one loop. As it ...

We prove that certain Gibbs measures on subshifts of finite type are nonsingular and ergodic for certain countable equivalence relations, including the orbit relation of the adic transformation (the same as equality after a permutation of finitely many coordinates). The relations we consider are defined by cocycles taking values in groups, including some nonabelian ones. This generalizes (half ...

We construct a locally supersymmetric worldsheet formulation of a nonAbelian Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz (NARNS) string theory where the string coordinates are noncommuting matrices in a group U(N). This is described by the two dimensional supergravity coupled to supersymmetric Yang-Mills fields and adjoint matters in the gauge group U(N). We show that our NARNS string theory has a free string limit w...