19 We demonstrate the frequent accidental enrichment of spontaneous sporulation-deficient mutants 20 of Bacillus anthracis on solid medium and identify contributing factors. Mutations in spo0A, 21 encoding the master regulator of sporulation initiation, were found in 38 of 53 mutants. 22 Transductions using bacteriophage CP51 propagated on sporogenic bacteria allowed restoration 23 of sporulati...

Our previous research studies have shown that Veratrilla baillonii Franch (V. baillonii), a food supplement used by ethnic minorities in Southwest China, has multiple pharmacological activities, such as detoxification, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-insulin resistance. However, the detailed signal pathways for its salutary...

The goal of this Dagstuhl seminar was to gather researchers working on the theory and practice of transformations (also know as transductions) of word and tree structures, which are realised by transducers (automata with outputs). This seminar was motivated by recent advances and breakthrough results, both in the settings of words and trees. Seminar April 2–5, 2017 – http://www.dagstuhl.de/1714...

In this work we propose a variant of P systems based on the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology which establishes the transformation of DNA strands into protein products by applying different string transformation such as transductions and transcriptions. We introduce a new kind of worm object rules to carry out transducion operations. Finally, we establish the universality of the proposed model...

The simultaneously phonological and syntactic grammar of second position clitics is an instance of the broader problem of applying constraints across multiple levels of linguistic analysis. Syntax frameworks extended with simple tree transductions can make efficient use of these necessary additional forms of structure. An analysis of Sahidic Coptic second position clitics in a context-free gram...

String-to-string transduction is a central problem in computational linguistics and natural language processing. It occurs in tasks as diverse as name transliteration, spelling correction, pronunciation modeling and inflectional morphology. We present a conditional loglinear model for string-to-string transduction, which employs overlapping features over latent alignment sequences, and which le...

Several typological gaps have attracted a lot of interest in the linguistic literature recently. These concern the Person Case Constraint and the absence of ABA patterns in adjectival gradation, pronoun suppletion, case syncretism, and singular noun allomorphy, among others. This paper is the first to provide a unified explanation of all these phenomena, and it does so via weakly non-inverting ...

We give examples to show that not even c-edNCE, the most general known notion of context-free graph grammar, is suited for the specification of some common data structures. To overcome this problem, we use monadic second-order logic and introduce edge constraints as a new means of specifying a large class of graph families. Our notion stems from a natural dichotomy found in programming practice...

In 1973, Greibach (“The hardest context-free language”, SIAM J. Comp., 1973) constructed a language L0 with the property that every can be reduced to by homomorphism, thus representing it as an inverse homomorphic image h−1(L0). this paper, similar characterization is established for family of grammars equipped operators referring left context any substring, recently defined Barash and Okhotin ...