drought stress is a major factor limiting crop production. investigation of physiological characteristics related to drought tolerance and crop production may be useful in selecting drought tolerant cultivars as well as in improving crop yield. two drought tolerant (azar2 & back cross roshan) and two drought susceptible (marvdast & shiraz) cultivars were investigated in both greenhouse and fiel...

Sink mobility has been utilized in numerous schemes to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Among the many ways of improving the performance of a WSN in terms of crucial metrics such as its lifetime and data latency, utilizing the mobility of some of the network components has been recently observed to be among the most promising. Regardless of its numerous advantages, deliv...

Power semiconductors can be modeled as a thermal network of resistors and capacitors. The thermal boundary condition of such a model is typically defined as the heat sink surface temperature which is assumed to be constant. In reality, the heat sink surface temperature underneath the power module is not exactly known. In this paper we show how to set up a thermal model of the heat sink in form ...

Sensors are used to monitor and control the physical environment. In mobile sensor networks, nodes can self-propel via springs, wheels, or they can be attached to transporters, such as vehicles. Sensors have limited energy supply and the sensor network is expected to be functional for a long time, so optimizing the energy consumption to prolong the network lifetime becomes an important issue. I...

In this paper we present the theory and the algorithm for SPFDbased global rewiring (SPFD-GR), which allows us to replace a target wire globally in the circuit (by some wire possibly far away from the target). It successfully overcomes the limitation of the existing SPFD-based local rewiring (SPFD-LR) that can only replace a wire with another wire having the same sink node. We apply SPFD-GR to ...

Wireless sensor networks are the grouping of tiny sensor nodes, which collects the information by sensing activeness from the surroundings similar lands, forests, hills, sea. In wireless sensor networks, using mobile sinks mobility rather than static sink for data collection is the new trend in present years. Current researches are focusing on moving patterns of the mobile sink to achieve optim...

Ab = heat-sink-base surface area Ac = cross-sectional area of the fin Cp = specific heat of the air EI = Elenbaas number g = gravity H = fin height h = heat transfer coefficient around fin ka = thermal conductivity of the air kh = thermal conductivity of the heat sink L = fin length N = total number of fins of the heat sink P = plate-air parameter Pe = perimeter of the fin pf = fin pitch qb = h...

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are comprised of small embedded audio/video motes capable of extracting the surrounding environmental information, locally processing it and then wirelessly transmitting it to sink/base station. Multimedia data such as image, audio and video is larger in volume than scalar data such as temperature, pressure and humidity. Thus to transmit multimedia in...

The terrestrial biosphere is currently thought to be a significant sink for atmospheric carbon (C). However, the future course of this sink under rising [CO2] and temperature is uncertain. Some contrasting possibilities that have been suggested are: that the sink is currently increasing through CO2 fertilization of plant growth but will decline over the next few decades because of CO2 saturatio...

Subject of this thesis is the theory of unique sink orientations of cubes. Such orientations are suitable to model problems from different areas of combinatorial optimization. In particular, unique sink orientations are closely related to the running time of the simplex algorithm. In the following, we try to answer three main questions: How can optimization problems be translated into the frame...