This study represents a highly efficient and regioselective ring-opening of epoxides with acetic anhydride in the presence of NaOAc<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times ...

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INTRODUCTION Female sterilization has long been the most popular method of family planning (FP) in Pakistan, and yet most public health experts feel it contributes little to controlling family size or to population welfare. We used Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (PDHS) data to understand the role female sterilization plays in the overall context of FP in Pakistan. METHODS We performed a s...

Objective To determine the impact of maternal education, employment, and family size on nutritional status of children. Methods It was case control study conducted at OPD of children Hospital Lahore, from September 2015 to April 2017. Total 340 children (170 cases and 170 controls) with age range of six months to five years along with their mothers were included. Anthropometric measurements w...

We estimate the effect of family size on various measures of labor market outcomes over the whole career until retirement, using instrumental variables estimation in data from Norwegian administrative registers. Parents' number of children is instrumented with the sex mix of their first two children. We find that having additional children causes sizable reductions in labor supply for women, wh...

While recent studies confirm parental child sex preference in less developed countries, its pattern varies. Son preference is especially prevalent in Bangladesh, China, India, and Pakistan. Sex preference in sub-Saharan Africa is a neglected area of enquiry. Completed research focuses on women’s views to the neglect of men, despite the latter’s importance as primary decision-makers. This study ...

Using the National Educational Longitudinal Study data, this paper examines the role of pre-market abilities, as well as other determinants, on young men’s self-employment decision. Our results indicate that cognitive and noncognitive abilities are two important, in opposing directions, predictors of selfemployment. We also …nd that cognitive and noncognitive abilities di¤er in their malleabili...

This paper investigates the e ect of family size and birth order on educational attainment. An instrumental variables approach is used to identify the e ect of family size. Instruments for the number of children are twins at last birth and the sex mix of the rst two children. The e ect of birth order is identi ed, by examining the relation with years of education for di erent family sizes separ...

This article reports an eye-tracking experiment with 2,500 polymorphemic Dutch compounds presented in isolation for visual lexical decision while readers' eye movements were registered. The authors found evidence that both full forms of compounds (dishwasher) and their constituent morphemes (e.g., dish, washer) and morphological families of constituents (sets of compounds with a shared constitu...

International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 46 three months. The corresponding figures from the 2006 DHS were 82% and 0.2%, respectively. Such self-reports may be subject to social desirability bias, but these results do suggest very little risk of unintended pregnancy during periods of spousal separation. Beyond differences in need for family planning relating to coital freque...