Maternal infection is a cause of adverse developmental outcomes. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced embryonic resorption, intra-uterine fetal death (IUFD) and preterm labor have been well characterized. In the present study, we investigated the effects of maternal LPS exposure on intra-uterine fetal growth and skeletal development. All pregnant mice except controls received an intraperitoneal inj...

During development, the interaction between tenocytes and myotubes leads to the formation of highly specialized muscle-tendon structural interfaces: myotendinous junctions (MTJs). Structural integrity of MTJs is critical for force transmission from contracting muscle through tendon to bone. We recently developed an in vitro model of three-dimensional (3-D) skeletal muscle-tendon constructs to a...

Background: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has increased in recent years in both developed and developing countries. Skeletal tuberculosis occurs in approximately 1% of patients with tuberculosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of skeletal tuberculosis in Golestan province in northeastern Iran during 2005-2014.Methods: In the present retrospective study, the epidemiolo...

Although well known for its role in bone development and mineral homeostasis, there is emerging evidence that vitamin D is capable of functioning as a regulator of skeletal muscle development and hypertrophic growth. This review will focus on the relatively limited body of evidence regarding the impact of vitamin D on prenatal development and postnatal growth of skeletal muscle in meat animal s...

Maintaining skeletal muscle function throughout the lifespan is a prerequisite for good health and independent living. For skeletal muscle to consistently function at optimal levels, the efficient activation of processes that regulate muscle development, growth, regeneration and metabolism is required. Numerous conditions including neuromuscular disorders, physical inactivity, chronic disease a...

Muscle fibrosis is a common Orthopaedic problem that results from tissue trauma, degeneration, neurotoxin injection and disuse. However, the interaction between skeletal muscle cells and the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that results in development of fibrotic tissue is not well understood. In this study, we have exploited the fact that the skeletal muscle intermediate filament p...

Orthopaedic surgery must play a significant role in the development of sports medicine as a viable academic discipline. Potential areas in which orthopaedic surgery can specifically contribute to such an evolution are discussed. Particular areas include skeletal development, the role of athletics on skeletal growth and trauma response, the mechanics of specific sports and the predisposition of ...

By using a conditional gene targeting approach exploiting the cre-lox system, we show that postnatal inactivation of the myostatin gene in striated muscle is sufficient to cause a generalized muscular hypertrophy of the same magnitude as that observed for constitutive myostatin knockout mice. This formally demonstrates that striated muscle is the production site of functional myostatin and that...

Proteoglycans are glycoconjugates composed of a core protein and covalcntly attached glycosaminoglycans. Skeletal muscle produces a number of different types of proteogiycans, and, importantly, the types of proteogiycans made by skeletal muscle vary during muscle development. At early stages of muscle development, large chondroiim sulfate proteogiycans of the PG-M/versican type are produced bot...

osteopoikilosis is a rare benign osteosclerotic bone disorder that may be misdiagnosed as skeletal metastases. here we describe a case of coincidental breast cancer and osteopoikilosis mimicking skeletal metastases. a 41-year-old woman underwent right modified radical mastectomy in april 2007. twenty-eight months after initial treatment, the patient complained of bilateral knee and foot pain. p...