Abstract The world of stainless steel production was 52 Mt in 2019, and the annual amount slags including electric furnace, AOD converter, ladle, casting tundish, estimated at 15–17 Mt. Nowadays, only a minor fraction from is utilized major part goes to landfilling. These contain high-value elements (Cr, Ni, Mo, Ti, V…) as oxides or metallic form, some them being environmentally problematic if ...