Abstract: For the heat conduction on a bounded domain with boundary degeneracy, though its diffusion coefficient vanishes on the boundary, it is still possible that the heat flux may transfer across the boundary. A known result shows that the key role is the ratio of the diffusion coefficient near the boundary. If this ratio is large enough, the heat flux transference has not any relation to th...

 Spatial generalized linear mixed models are used commonly for modelling non-Gaussian discrete spatial responses. We present an algorithm for parameter estimation of the models using Laplace approximation of likelihood function. In these models, the spatial correlation structure of data is carried out by random effects or latent variables. In most spatial analysis, it is assumed that rando...

The turbulent air-sea heat flux feedback (α, in W m−2 K−1) is a major 7 contributor to setting the damping timescale of sea surface temperature (SST) 8 anomalies. In this study we compare the spatial distribution and magnitude of 9 α in the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean, as estimated from the ERA10 Interim reanalysis dataset. The comparison is rationalized in terms of an upper 11 bound ...

Three major input uncertainties (initial velocity field, open boundary conditions, and atmospheric forcing) limit the ocean modeling capability. The Princeton Ocean Model (POM) implemented to the Japan/East Sea (JES) is used to investigate the ocean predictability due to the input uncertainties. Two-step (pre-simulation and simulation) initialization is used to obtain ‘‘standard initial velocit...

Inclusion of vegetation is critical for urban land surface models (ULSM) to represent reasonably the turbulent sensible and latent heat flux densities in an urban environment. Here the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), an ULSM, is used to simulate the Bowen ratio at a number of urban and rural sites with vegetation cover varying between 1% and 98%. The results show that JULES is able...

thermal and radiative properties. Such work has generated great controversy, although it is arguably accepted today that the presence of nanoparticles rarely leads to useful enhancements in either thermal conductivity or convective heat transfer. On the other hand, there are still examples of unanticipated enhancements to some properties, such as the reported specific heat of molten salt-based ...

Brutsaert (1979, 1982) suggested a method for the complementary model taking atmospheric stability into account on the basis of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. Katul and Parlange (1992a, 1992b) and the authors (1993) independent ly published the papers on the estimation of latent and sensible heat fluxes including the effects of the atmospheric stabil ity. Parlange and Katul (1992c) actual...

Accurate three-dimensional wind fields are essential for diagnosing a variety of important climate processes in the Arctic, such as the advection and deposition of heat and moisture, changes in circulation features, and transport of trace constituents. In light of recent studies revealing significant biases in upperlevel winds over the Arctic Ocean from reanalyses, new daily wind fields are gen...

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