background: depression and smoking decrease health status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), but the combined effect of the two factors is unknown. this study aimed to assess the interactive effects of depression and smoking on the severity of patients with copd. methods: a prospective cohort study including 2,268 patients with copd was conducted in seven rural communities from ma...

conclusions the significant difference between groups 1 and 3 permits to establish a correlation between degree of nicotine addiction and hearing loss. however, further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms leading to hearing loss. patients and methods the study recruited smokers (100) and non-smokers as a reference group (100) aged 21 to 50 years living in noisy or quiet areas of beiru...

the aim of present study was to investigate the relation between the perception of population on healthy diet and lifestyle related behaviors.as part of national study on iranian health perception, a cross-sectional study was carried out in iran, 2010. a multistage sampling approach was applied to include a representative sample of population aged between 18 and 65 in the study. to collect data...

a recent study indicates that the incidence of smoking cessation varies with age. although nicotine dependence (nd) has been regarded as one of the most significant barriers of successful smoking cessation, few researches have focused on the relationship between nicotine dependence and age.a cross-sectional study (conducted in 2013) with 596 chinese rural male current smokers was performed to s...

background: this study examined the relationship between lifestyle factors and hypertension in korean women. methods: the subjects were 8,836 women, aged 20 to 81 yr, who visited a health promotion center for a medical check up during 2004-2008. the diagnosis of hypertension was defined in the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (j...

introduction: smoking is the first preventable cause of death in the world. this problem is one of the most important difficulties of public health which has involved adolescents and young people. since smoking incidence pattern has changed and needed to be recognized ,getting involved the community and also health officials in this field is so essential and at the same time few researches have...

background:infant mortality is often used as a standard measure of a population’s health. until cause of sudden infant death syndrome is unknown (sids), the best strategy to decrease sids, is programming to decrease facing with risk factors. the aim of this study was to find the sids risk factors among families during their child care in iran. the study is the first in iran to examine the risk ...

background: radon and its short-lived decay products are considered as the important sources of public exposure to natural radioactivity. the synergistic interaction between tobacco smoking and radon is known to be an actual problem. this study has provided a mathematical description and prognosis of the carcinogenic effects after combined action of radon with smoking. materials and methods: a ...

background: children and adolescent smoking is one of the most important health problems in the world. there is a major concern that child labor may generate a pseudo maturity syndrome, including smoking.the current survey focus on smoking behavior, knowledge and attitude of child labor are working in tehran. m aterials and methods: the study adopted a cross-sectional design, based on a primary...