Infocrop, a generic crop growth model was used to simulate the effect of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) damage on winter wheat at Fort Collins and Akron, Colorado state, USA,. Observed and simulated yield reductions in four experiments over a period of two years were found to be closely related (R = 0.85). The aphid damage mechanisms coupled to the crop growth model could thus...

A prominent goal of invasive plant management is to prevent or reduce the spread of invasive species into uninvaded landscapes and regions. Monitoring and control efforts often rely on scientific knowledge of suitable habitat for the invasive species. However, rising temperatures and altered precipitation projected with climate change are likely to shift the geographic range of that suitable ha...

The 3' ends of three genomic RNAs (gRNAs) of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) terminate in a highly conserved tRNA-like structure (3'TLS). To examine the intrinsic role played the 3'TLS in packaging, the competence of each gRNA lacking the 3' TLS (DeltaTLS-gRNA) to interact with dissociated coat protein (CP) subunits and form virions was assayed in vitro. In contrast to the well established...

Ten ruminally and duodenally cannulated (326 _+ 28 kg) and four esophageally fistulated (394 k 23 kg) steers grazing cool-season pasture throughout the growing season were used to evaluate the influence of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (AO) supplementation on intake, forage nutrient utilization, and duodenal amino acid flow. Steers grazed a predominately smooth brome (Bromus inermis L...