The Indus basin is considered as the one with highest dependence on snowmelt runoff in High Mountain Asia. recent Asia snow reanalysis enables us to go beyond previous studies by evaluating both and sublimation at scale. Over 2000–2016, basin-average was 101 ± 11 Gt.a−1 (121 13 mm.a−1), which represents about 25–30% of annual precipitation. Snow accounts for 11% mean ablation, but a large spati...

The rising global temperature is shifting the runoff patterns of snowmelt-dominated alpine watersheds, resulting in increased cold season flows, earlier spring peak and reduced summer runoff. Projections future are beneficial preparing for anticipated changes streamflow regimes. This study applied degree–day Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) combination with MODIS to remotely sense snow cover observa...