A strikingly small fraction of the scholarly literature on judging and law asks how well judges perform their work and how their performance might be improved. The aim of this essay is to explore the prospects for an ambitious normative, empirical, and prescriptive project that would set out criteria for good judging, evaluate actual judicial performance against these criteria, and suggest refo...

In this article, the first of two I have contributed to this issue of Law and Contemporary Problems, I do two quite different things. First, in part II, I attempt to map normative arguments against the sale of organs onto regulatory proposals for “organ markets.” Those who oppose organ sale may do so for a number of different normative reasons, independently or in conjunction, and my goal is to...

Monitoring one’s own study processes accurately is important in self-regulated learning. This study compared a treatment (N = 45) and comparison class (N = 39) on the effects of monitoring exercises and feedback on calibration and test performance over a 16week undergraduate course. Path analyses revealed a significant influence of the intervention on class performance, calibration, and self-ef...

§I schematises the evidence for an understanding of ‘know’ and other terms of epistemic appraisal that embodies contextualism or subject-sensitive invariantism, and distinguishes between those two approaches. §II argues that although the cases for contextualism and sensitive invariantism rely on a principle of charity in the interpretation of epistemic claims, neither approach satisfies charity...

Diasporas are rarely analysed from a hospitality perspective. The paper reviews and expands on existent literature regarding the Lebanese Diaspora and focuses on the Lebanese Diaspora in London. The paper discusses the conditional and absolute notions of hospitality in relation to western and non-western cultural norms. Hospitality is thus examined from a cultural perspective in order to unders...

Punishment of defectors and cooperators is prevalent when their behaviour deviates from the social norm. Why atypical behaviour is more likely to be punished than typical behaviour remains unclear. One possible proximate explanation is that individuals simply dislike norm violators. However, an alternative possibility exists: individuals may be more likely to punish atypical behaviour, because ...

This article presents algorithms for the interpretation of subsentential and underspecified structures in English within the theory of Ontological Semantics. The approach centers around producing a text-meaning representation of the subsentential or underspecified structure, then launching a procedural semantic routine to appropriately link its meaning to that of the previous context. The algor...

We report on the first evaluation of the Companions project prototypes. We give preliminary results from our phase one evaluation, using known and well-understood dialogue metrics. We also give a first indication of the directions we plan to take to evaluate increasingly sophisticated conversational systems, using measures of coherence and appropriateness. 12

This article offers a new perspective for research on opinion dynamics. It demonstrates the importance of the distinction of opinion and attitude, which originally has been discussed in literature on consumer behaviour. As opinions are verbalised attitudes not only biases in interpretation and adoption processes have to be considered but also verbalisation biases should be addressed. Such biase...

The paper investigates the relationship between pro-social norms and its implications for improved environmental outcomes. This is an area, which has been neglected in the environmental economics literature. We provide empirical evidence to demonstrate a robust link between perceived environmental cooperation (reduced public littering) and increased voluntary environmental morale. For this purp...