BACKGROUND Alcohol drinking is a risk factor for harm and disease. A low level of drinking among non-Western immigrants may lead to less alcohol-related harm and disease. The first aim of this study was to describe frequency of drinking in two generations of immigrants in Oslo, contrasting the result to drinking frequency among ethnic Norwegians. The second aim was to study how frequency of dri...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors, maternal characteristics, breastfeeding, and hospitalization for bronchiolitis in the post-neonatal period. METHODS A nested case-control study with a cohort of 5,304 children born in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, was conducted. The cohort study consisted of four sub-studies with their own methods and logistics. Mothers w...

Background This study aims to characterize the role of county-specific legacy of slavery in patterning temporal (i.e., 1968-2014), and geographic (i.e., Southern counties) declines in heart disease mortality. In this context, the U.S. has witnessed dramatic declines in heart disease mortality since the 1960's, which have benefitted place and race groups unevenly, with slower declines in the Sou...

BACKGROUND Transmission of dengue viruses (DENV), the most common arboviral pathogens globally, is influenced by many climatic and socioeconomic factors. However, the relative contributions of these factors on a global scale are unclear. METHODS We randomly selected 94 islands stratified by socioeconomic and geographic characteristics. With a Bayesian model, we assessed factors contributing t...

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draw a story (das), by integrate story and drawing, attempt to enter to child's emotional world, and provided valuable information about the inner world of children's that they are not able to express them, due verbal and cognitive limitations. the aim of present study was to evaluate emotional content, self- image and use of humor in children of elementary school and investigate gend...

background : connection between socioeconomic statuses and mental health has been reported already. accordingly, mental health asymmetrically is distributed in society; therefore, people with disadvantaged condition suffer from inconsistent burden of mental disorders. in this study, we aimed to understand the determinants of socioeconomic inequality of mental health in the female-headed househo...

BACKGROUND Area socioeconomic deprivation indices are widely used to monitor health disparities in Europe. However, such indices have not been used in cancer surveillance in the United States. We developed an area socioeconomic index to examine area socioeconomic patterns in all-cancer mortality among U.S. men between 1950 and 1998. METHODS Principal components analysis on 11 census variables...

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires a holistic approach to water management, developing River Basin Management Plans to ensure good ecological status in water bodies. Modelling will form a vital component in defining ecological conditions and developing an appropriate programme of measures to attain good status. However, model credibility can be affected by various problems, i...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk of early childhood cancers associated with the mother's exposure to radiofrequency from and proximity to macrocell mobile phone base stations (masts) during pregnancy. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Cancer registry and national birth register data in Great Britain. PARTICIPANTS 1397 cases of cancer in children aged 0-4 from national cancer registry 19...