BACKGROUND Birthweight varies according to ethnic group, but it is not clear why such differences exist. We examine the contribution of socioeconomic, maternal and behavioural factors to differences in mean birthweight and the prevalence of low birthweight across ethnic groups. METHODS Data from the nationally representative UK Millennium Cohort Study (n = 16,157) on White, Indian, Pakistani,...

BACKGROUND Studies of potato consumption have shown that age, region, socioeconomic status, and household structure are important determinants. OBJECTIVE This study aims to map which factors influence potato consumption among women in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using a postal questionnaire among 74,208 NOWAC participants aged 41-70. RESULT...

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the motor coordination of Brazilian schoolchildren of different socioeconomic status in their first year of primary education. Factors associated with inadequate fine motor skills were identified. A total of 238 schoolchildren, 118 from a public school and 120 from a private school, were evaluated on fine motor skills using the Evolutional...

OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which race/ethnic differences in income and education account for sex-specific disparities in overweight prevalence in white, African American, Hispanic, and Asian U.S. teens. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES We used nationally representative data collected from 13113 U.S. adolescents enrolled in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Logistic ...

REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE The first objective of this scoping review is to identify and map information about instruments used to measure psychosocial and socioeconomic factors associated with level of physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents with asthma that have been reported in quantitative literature, and to report on the construction and validation of these instruments. The secon...

Throughout most of the world, the term “health inequalities” generally refers to differences in health by social class, unless specified otherwise. In the United States, however, the most comparable term, “health disparities”, has generally referred to differences in health by race or ethnic group. Historically, public health data in the U.S. have been reported by race and far less frequently b...

PURPOSE The worldwide prevalence of epilepsy is variable, estimated at 10//1,000 people, and access to treatment is also variable. Many people go untreated, particularly in resource-poor countries. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of epilepsy and the proportion of people not receiving adequate treatment in different socioeconomic classes in Brazil, a resource-poor country. METHODS A doo...

OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of low birth weight in full-term infants on body composition at school age. METHOD This is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of 375 infants recruited at birth between 1993 and 1994 in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. At 8 years of age, the body composition of 213 children from this cohort was assessed by measurement of triceps and subscapular skinfol...

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of stunting in children under five and identify factors associated. METHODS Population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 1991, 1997 and 2006 in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. The following variables associated with the prevalence of stunting (height-for-age < -2 z-score) were studied: socioeconomic condition, maternal and child charac...

BACKGROUND The U.S. Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 requires updating of the existing text-only health warning labels on tobacco packaging with nine new warning statements accompanied by pictorial images. Survey and experimental research in the U.S. and other countries supports the effectiveness of pictorial health warning labels compared with text-only warnings for in...