Lignin, a complex phenolic polymer, is important for mechanical support, water transport, and defense in vaseular plants. Compressive strength and hydrophobicity of xylem cell walls are imparted by the lignin polymer, which is deposited during the terminal differentiation of tracheids and other cell types. The resistance of xylem to compressive stresses imposed by water transport and by the mas...

Background: In biorefineries, various pretreatments traditionally employ hazardous chemicals (ammonia, sulfuric acid, sulfite, etc.) for opening the softwood structure and to facilitate easy accessibility of the cellulose for further downstream processing. The resultant lignin (known as technical lignin) after extraction of the carbohydrate fraction as sugars has been either burned as fuel or u...

Information on solar radiation is a critical issue in several environmental domains. The means for accessing information suffer from severe drawbacks. The SoDa project was launched (2000-2003, IST programme of the European Commission) to bring solutions by an efficient use of information and communication technologies. Integration of information sources of different natures was realized by the ...

To the Editor: Ezri et al.1 described serum electrolyte changes following ingestion of cathartics prior to bowel resection surgery. The authors dosed 90 mL of Fleet® Phospho-soda® to their subjects. This is twice the recommended dose of 30–45 mL according to the current professional Fleet® Phospho-soda® labelling.2 Fleet® Phospho-soda® should be used only at the recommended dosage and only in p...

One oxidase (EC 1.10.3.2) and three lignin peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.-) were purified from the culture liquid of the white-rot fungus Phlebia radiata Fr. All the enzymes were glycoproteins. The oxidase had Mr 64,000 and the lignin peroxidases I, II and III had Mr values 42,000, 45,000 and 44,000 respectively. The lignin peroxidases were found to share common antigenic determinants: lignin peroxida...

Lignin is an essential structural component of all land plants. It fills spaces in the cell wall between cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Lignin provides the strength to plants from giant Sequoia trees to alfalfa growing in hay fields. A good analogy is that lignin is like the steel reinforcing rods in concrete. Life on earth would not be possible without lignin to allow plants to grow upr...

This study is designed to investigate the biodegradation of high molecular weight (HMW) lignin under sulfate reducing conditions. With a continuously mesophilic operated reactor in the presence of co-substrates of cellulose, the changes in HMW lignin concentration and chemical structure were analyzed. The acid precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL) and lignin monomers, which are known as degradat...

background and objectives: residues of medicinal plants after extraction and weeds are suitable candidates for bioethanol production. significant barriers exist to make the conversion of lignocellulosic feedstock to biofuel cost effective and environmentally friendly; one of which is the lignin polymer. brassicaceae family is one of the potential targets for biofuel production. the structural c...

background: today some bakeries for artificially production of bread in order to production process expedition and compensating defects that created by unnatural fermentation and as well as undesirable quality of flour. for cover superficial defects of bread use of harmful chemical material such as soda, that can cause health problems. the aim of this study is determination of soda and salt amo...