Abstract Steel sheet pile walls are being widely used in civil engineering projects for support systems. Soil is not uniform in depth, sometimes may be exit loose or soft soil layer in various depth. This issue can cause different effects on ground surface displacements, forces and moments acting on sheet piles and struts during excavation procedure, compared with status that soil is uniform...

our aim in this paper is to introduce the notion of fuzzy soft near-subtraction semigroupsand fuzzy soft ideals of near-subtraction semigroups. we discuss some important properties of these new fuzzy algebraic structure and investigate some examples and counter examples.

Dispersive clay soils are highly erodible, even under standing water conditions. easily eroded both on the surface and in landfills, despite their high plasticity index ability to be passed by flows at low velocities. soil will cause a variety of problems dams structures, including potential for seepage patterns embankment material, which can trigger piping, compromising stability structure. oc...

<p>Soft clay soils generally have unfavorable characteristics or properties, when used as a basis for construction. The of soft soil are having high compressibility, low carrying capacity, permeability value, being cohesive and level activity. One form effort to improve the soil's bad properties is carry out stabilization. Stabilization an activity mixing with certain materials, expected ...

Industrial structures built with different materials and methods play an important role in the sector development of industry increase energy need. Many parameters are considered design application phase industrial to provide service for many years. The aim this study is examine dynamic behavior reinforced concrete chimneys depending on soil-structure interaction (SSI). For reason, a chimney, w...

There can be many reasons for engineers to place the footings near a slope such as leakage of suitable sites or architectural considerations. One of the approaches to increase the amount of bearing capacity, especially in soft soils, is adding stone columns to the soil. In this research, the behavior of a strip footing placed near a stone column reinforced clayey slope was investigated. For thi...

In order to mobilize shallow soil to participate in the interaction of piled raft foundation sufficiently, the concept of piled raft has been modified to new type of foundation named composite piled raft. In the system of composite piled raft, the short piles made of flexible materials is used to strengthen the shallow soft soil, while the long piles made of relatively rigid materials is used t...