Quantification of drainage to remove excess water from the soil profile and provide a suitable environment for vegetation has been developed over the years. Drainage estimation is fairly challenging particularly in the heterogeneous urban environs. This research studied the temporal variation of drainage rate and nutrient leaching in Veale Gardens of Adelaide Parklands, Australia. A zero tensio...

Recent fire activity throughout Alaska has increased the need to understand postfire impacts on soils and permafrost vulnerability. Our study utilized data and modeling from a permafrost and ecosystem gradient to develop a mechanistic understanding of the shortand long-term impacts of tundra and boreal forest fires on soil thermal dynamics. Fires influenced a variety of factors that altered the...

In these notes on drainage design procedure, three drain spacing formulae are considered suitable for designing sub-surface drainage systems. The Hooghoudt and the Kirkham-Toksoz formulae have been developed for steady state conditions and the Glover formula is applicable to the transient state condition. The steady state condition implies that the surface inflow is equal to the outflow through...

the north bosque river (nbr) was included in the clean water act § 303(d) impaired list. the texas institute for applied environmental research used the soil water assessment tool (swat) to develop a phosphorus (p) total maximum daily load. swat was modified to dynamically change manure application rates based on simulated annual soil p, change areas receiving manure, alter manure quantities ea...

iran is ranked fourth for saline-sodic soils in asia following china, india and pakistan. therefore, if coupled with waterlogging, drainage would be an inevitable and indispensable activity agriculture in most irrigated parts of iran. drain installation depth is one of the main economic as well as environmental challenges in design and construction of drainage systems. deep pipe drain installat...

This paper introduces the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) as a tool of decision makings for the Integrated Lake Basin Management (ILBM). I show how the analytical framework is applied to one of drainage watersheds in Laguna de Bay in Philippines toward sustainable lake basin management through the ILBM-Governance project.

A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8)-derived recombinant viruses have been used for seasonal flu vaccines; however, they are insufficient for vaccines against some human-fatal H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses (HPAIV) due to low productivity. Additionally, the polymerase basic 2 (PB2) protein, an important mammalian-pathogenicity determinant, of PR8 possesses several mammalian-pathogeni...

Large inputs of phosphorus (P) in chemical fertilizers and feed supplements since 1978 have improved soil P status in arable land in China, but have also created challenges by increasing P concentrations in manure and exacerbating water quality degradation. Arable land in China can be divided into five management zones based on soil P chemistry, with 15-92 % of arable land having lower P status...