Topics covered: 1. Conceptual framework – agents of pattern formation. 2. Abiotic factors – geology, geomorphology, hydrology, soils. 3. Climatic factors – temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, meteorology. 4. Climate-landform effects on vegetation pattern, ecological flows, disturbance regimes and geomorphological processes. 5. Resource management implications – climate change scenarios...

soil compaction as a global problem and a multi-dimensional and complex process involving the interaction of climate, soil mashyn- plant- known to have a significant economic and environmental impacts and to sustainable agriculture is an intractable problem.for in order to assess compaction effect on nitrogen mineralization process in soil in form of factorial completely randomized design with ...

The interdependency of biological and physical components of the arctic tundra system can yield strongly nonlinear processes with potential thresholds for ecosystem shifts. Hydrology critically infl uences the ecosystem dynamics in the Arctic, even though the tundra appears to have a relatively simple hydrologic system, often consisting of only a saturated active layer underlain by permafrost. ...

There is increasing evidence that forests and forest soil contribute to the signature of chlorine composition in water bodies. However, little is known about the potential effects of land management activities on chlorine biogeochemistry. This study examines the effects of previous nitrogen addition on chlorine chemistry in a Pinus sylvestris (L.) forest located in south-central Sweden (60°00 ...

Different grazing strategies impact grassland plant production and may also regulate the soil carbon formation. For a site in semiarid temperate steppe, we studied the effect of combinations of rest, high and moderate grazing pressure over three stages of the growing season, on the process involved in soil carbon sequestration. Results show that constant moderate grazing (MMM) exhibited the hig...

Methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation in rice has great implications for human health. Here, effects of selenium (Se) on MeHg availability to rice are explored by growing rice under soil or foliar fertilization with Se. Results indicate that soil amendment with Se could reduce MeHg levels in soil and grain (maximally 73%). In contrast, foliar fertilization with Se enhanced plant Se levels (3-12 fol...

Soil aggregates include sand/silt/clay, water, ion and organic matter contents combined with natural dry/wet (D/W) cycling alters both the formation and function of intra-aggregate pore continuity, connectivity, dead-end storage volumes, and tortuosity. Surface aggregates in the 0-5 cm depths of most soils experience from 34 to 57 D/W cycles that exceed differences in water contents >10%. Both ...

The dynamics and persistence of proteinaceous compounds during pedogenesis are major mechanisms of soil formation and determinants of organic matter (OM) turnover. We investigated the accumulation patterns of proteinogenic amino acids associated with minerals dominated by permanently negative charges (primary silica minerals) and related these to vegetative and belowground microbial succession ...