soil to the atmosphere and it is measured at the soil surface (Rolston, 1986). Increases of soil CO2 efflux Little is known about the short-term effects (hours to days) of are not always preceded by increases in soil respiration tillage on labile pools of C and N, or microbial activity and community composition. We examined the effects of rototillage on microbial (Calderón et al., 2000). Tillag...

Agricultural soil is typically an important component of urban ecosystems, contributing directly or indirectly to the general quality of human life. To understand which factors influence metal accumulation in agricultural soils in urban ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. Land use, soil type and urbanization indicators all account for considerable differences in metal accumulation in...

The enemy release hypothesis is a common explanation for species invasions, suggesting that introduced species benefit from leaving behind natural enemies in the native range. However, any such advantage may attenuate over time. In this study, we test a prediction of this more dynamic enemy release hypothesis: that non-native plant species that became established longer ago exhibit stronger neg...

Toljander, J.F. 2006. Interactions between Soil Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Doctoral dissertation. ISSN 1652-6880, ISBN 91-576-7088-9 The extraradical mycelium (ERM) of mycorrhizal fungi constitutes an important pathway for the translocation of energy-rich photoassimilates from plant to soil. Because of the large surface of the mycelium, and its provision of carbon, the ERM poten...

Decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) is the main process governing the release of CO(2) into the atmosphere from terrestrial systems. Although the importance of soil-root interactions for SOC decomposition has increasingly been recognized, their long-term effect on SOC decomposition remains poorly understood. Here we provide experimental evidence for a rhizosphere priming effect, in which...

with the growing population and density in metropolitan areas, higher tendency to live in high-rise buildings, and increasing demand for parking lots, it seems necessary to excavate soil to construct underground spaces. during excavation work, as the height of the wall increases, special care should be taken to the wall stabilization to avoid any consequent damage including extensive property d...

Flow and transport processes in unsaturated soil are analyzed through a simulation environment based on cellular automata (CA). The modeling proposed in this chapter represents an extension of the original computational paradigm of cellular automata, because it uses a macroscopic CA approach where local laws with a clear physical meaning govern interactions among automata. This CA structure, ai...