Solar energy, amongst all renewable energies, has attracted inexhaustible attention over the world as a supplier of sustainable energy. The energy requirement major seawater desalination processes such multistage flash (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO) are fulfilled by burning fossil fuels, which impact environment significantly due to emission greenhouse gases. in...

Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) hold great promise for drinking water production because of potential energy savings during the desalination process. In this study, we developed a continuously operated MDC--upflow microbial desalination cell (UMDC) for the purpose of salt removal. During the 4-month operation, the UMDC constantly removed salts and generated bio-electricity. At a hydraulic r...