The d-amino acid content of Ishizuchi-kurocha, a post-fermented tea produced in Ehime, Japan, was measured. Ishizuchi-kurocha mainly contains d-glutamic and d-alanine, but it also small amount d-aspartic acid. Two types lactic bacteria, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) Levilactobacillus brevis brevis), are the main species involved fermentation during process. Therefore, acid-produc...

Bacillus brevis NRRL B-4389 produced extracellular maltase (alpha-glucosidase; EC 3.2.1.20) only in the presence of short alpha-1,4-glucosidic polymers, such as maltose and maltotriose. An optimum medium was developed; it contained 2.5% maltose, 0.5% nonfat dry milk, 0.4% yeast extract, and 0.01% CaCl(2). The enzyme was produced extracellularly during the logarithmic phase of growth; no cell-bo...

The pyruvate metabolism of LactobaciUus plantarum and Latobacillus arabino8su, which according to Bergey (1948) are identical organisms, has been studied by Rowatt (1951) and Nossal (1952). Both these homofermentative lactobacilli were shown to form 3-hydroxybutan-2-one (acetoin) as the main product of their pyruvate metabolism. No one appears to have studied the metabolism of pyruvate by any o...

BACKGROUND The presence of anti-microbial phenolic compounds, such as the model compound ferulic acid, in biomass hydrolysates pose significant challenges to the widespread use of biomass in conjunction with whole cell biocatalysis or fermentation. Currently, these inhibitory compounds must be removed through additional downstream processing or sufficiently diluted to create environments suitab...

BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated surgical outcomes in patients with refractory de Quervain's disease using validated outcome measures. We assessed the clinical outcomes of dorsal release of the first extensor compartment for the treatment of de Quervain's disease using the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score. METHODS From October 2003 to May 2009, we retrospectively e...