Due to their high plasma frequencies, drifting semiconductor plasmas interacting with slow electromagnetic waves hold promise for terahertz amplifiers and oscillators. In these devices, the gain and the type of instabilities are influenced by electron collisions. To study the effect of collisions, we developed a two-wave model describing the interaction between drifting solid-state plasmas and ...

Liquid-liquid-solid transitions (LLST) are known to occur in confined liquids, exist in supercooled liquids and emerge in liquids driven from equilibrium. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations claim many successes in forecasting the phenomena. The transitions are also studied in the framework of thermodynamics based methods and minimalistic models. In here, the proposed approach is derived in the...

High average-power free-electron lasers may be useful for pumping high peak-power solid-state laser-amplifiers. At very high peak-powers, the pump source for solid-state lasers is non-trivial: flash lamps produce thermal problems and are unsuitable for materials with short florescence-times, while diodes can be expensive and are only available at select wavelengths. FELs can provide pulse train...

Here, we discuss the capabilities of nanoimpact electrochemistry for studying properties colloidal nanoparticles, electrocatalytic activity and particle reactivity at a single entity level, to gain better understanding solid/liquid interfaces, which play key role in various chemical biological systems. The effect like size, shape or composition, particle-electrode interactions on electrochemica...

The traditional picture of tissues, where they are treated as liquids defined by properties such as surface tension or viscosity has been redefined during the last few decades by the more fundamental question: under which conditions do tissues display liquid-like or solid-like behaviour? As a result, basic concepts arising from the treatment of tissues as solid matter, such as cellular jamming ...

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by short stature, typical craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, congenital heart defects, and predisposition to malignant tumors. In approximately 50% of cases, the disease is caused by missense mutations in the PTPN11 gene. To date, solid tumors, and particularly brain tumors and rhabdomyosarcomas, have been documente...

A diode pumped ytterbium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Yb:LuAG) ceramic laser is reported for the first time to our knowledge. Using the solid state reactive vacuum sintering technique we have successfully fabricated high optical quality Yb:LuAG ceramics. We show that even with an uncoated Yb:LuAG ceramic sample a maximum output power of 7 W could be achieved under 13 W absorbed pump power, a...

Chi, Michael M., Guoping Fan, and Edward A. Fox. Increased short-term food satiation and sensitivity to cholecystokinin in neurotrophin-4 knock-in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287: R1044–R1053, 2004. First published August 5, 2004; doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00420.2004.—Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) knockout mice exhibited decreased innervation of the small intestine by vagal intraganglionic ...

A solid-state 15N-1H correlation NMR experiment is presented, which provides a substantial gain in signal sensitivity by 1H inverse detection under fast MAS conditions and allows for the precise determination of NH bond lengths via heteronuclear 1H-15N dipole-dipole couplings on samples naturally abundant in 15N. Pulsed-field gradients or, alternatively, radio frequency pulses ensure suppressio...

Emerging evidence shows that cyclic hypoxia exists in most solid cancers. It is believed that under cyclic hypoxic conditions cancer cells exhibit more malignant biological behaviors than under chronic hypoxic conditions. In this review, we provide a collection of evidence showing the molecular mechanisms by which cyclic hypoxia induces aggressiveness, malignant progression, and therapeutic res...