Low-temperature synthesis routes are necessary for selectively synthesizing many metastable solid-state materials. Here, we identify a cooperative effect that starting materials have in lowering temperatures metathesis reactions by studying the formation of yttrium manganese oxide. Previous studies shown YMnO3 can be synthesized ternary with an alkali halide being produced as secondary product....

steep temperature gradient is established in the solid This gradient extends to a depth of several microns, depending upon the external heat-flux rate As the propellant surface layers approach 150°C, the intermosaic blocks of the oxidizer particles decompose, and gaseous products diffuse to the oxidizer particle-fuel interface From ammonium perchlorate decomposition studies, the over-all reacti...

A mathematical model, based on the dusty-gas model extended with surface diffusion, is presented that describes mass transport owing to molecular diffusion and viscous flow, as well as an instantaneous reversible reaction inside a membrane reactor. The reactants are fed to opposite sides of the membrane, considering masstransfer resistances in the gas phase outside the membrane. The Claus react...