Laser drilling has emerged in the last five years as the most widely accepted method of creating microvias in high-density electronic interconnect and chip packaging devices. Most commercially available laser drilling tools are currently based on one of two laser types: far-IR CO2 lasers and UV solid state lasers at 355 nm. While CO2 lasers are recognized for their high average power and drilli...

production of thermostable alkaline protease in tray bioreactor for solid state fermentation is a unique process which may lead to an economical approach for production of enzyme from agricultural waste or low cost substrate. in solid state fermentation using tray bioreactor, several agricultural residues such as rice bran, sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran, barely bran, corn meal and corn husk wer...

introdouction: dentinal hypersensitivity (dh) is one of the most painful chronic problems reported in dental offices. various methods have been applied for the treatment of dh. however, majority of them are either ineffective or last for a short period of time. it has been reported that lasers, particularly neodymium- doped: yttrium aluminum garnet laser (nd: yag), can be helpful in the treatme...

background: a substantial part of the public’s natural radiation dose is due to the inhalation of radon gas. most of the exposure occurs indoors where the airborne concentration of radon and its decay products is usually higher than outdoors. materials and methods: radon activity concentration has been measured twice in 50 classrooms in 5 levels (10 each) during summer and winter using solid-st...

A complete noise characterization of sub-10-fs Ti:sapphire oscillators in terms of pulse energy fluctuations, timing jitter, and the coupling between these two noise components is presented for the first time. The noise performance of a self-mode-locked mirror-dispersion-controlled (MDC) oscillator pumped by an Ar–ion laser and, alternatively, a diodepumped laser (Millennia, Spectra Physics Inc...

III The use ofdiode lasers instead ofHashlamps as optical pump sources for solid state lasers offers significant advantages such as higher efficiency and longer lifetime. We have demonstrated three novel lasers based on this technology. The first is a zig-zag slab laser pumped by hybrid planar microchannel-cooled diode arrays that allow high-repetition-rate operation in a pulsed mode. The secon...

Introduction Optical fibers and fiber amplifiers have sparked an unparalleled growth in telecommunications and what is being recognized as a revolution in Optics. In fact, with the fine work by others on high repetition rate ultrafast fiber lasers, it is possible that these devices will also be an important factor in the telecommunications arena. However, what will be the impact of optical fibe...