Recently, Roht et al. [J. Contam. Hydrol., 2013, 145, 10-16] observed that the presence of suspended non-Brownian macroscopic particles decreased the dispersivity of a passive solute, for a pressure-driven flow in a narrow parallel-plate channel at low Reynolds numbers. This result contradicts the idea that the streamline distortion caused by the random diffusive motion of the particles increas...

The Ångström-scale transport characteristics of water and six different solutes, methanol, ethanol, 2propanol, urea, Na+, and Cl-, were studied for a polymeric reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, FT-30, using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations. Results indicate that water transport increases with an increasing fraction of percolated free volume, or water-accessible open space, in ...

In this work, we propose a general approach for modeling mass transfer and reaction of dilute solute(s) in incompressible three-phase flows by introducing a collision operator in lattice Boltzmann (LB) method. An LB equation was used to simulate the solute dynamics among three different fluids, in which the newly expanded collision operator was used to depict the interface behavior of dilute so...

Gravely calcareous soils cover approximately most of arid lands (in percent); however, the solute transport behavior in these soils remains a current issue. This research aimed at estimating and correlating the solute transport parameters in gravely calcareous soils as being affected by different land uses through the knowledge of the soil morphological, physical, and chemical properties. Four ...

The flow, temperature, solidification, and solute concentration field in a continuous casting bloom mold were solved simultaneously by a multiphysics numerical model by considering the effect of in-mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS). The mold metallurgical differences between cases with and without EMS are discussed first, and then the solute transport model verified. Moreover, the effects o...

A theoretical and experimental investigation has been conducted to study the untrafiltration of macromolecules through semipermeable membranes. A hydrodynamic model for the convection of rigid spherical solutes through cylindrical pores has been developed to examine the effects of solute concentration and charge on solute rejection by membrane pores. An experimental program to test the theoreti...

[1] Temporary storage of solutes in streams is often controlled by flow-induced uptake in hyporheic zones. This phenomenon accounts for the tails that are generally observed following the passage of a solute pulse, and such exchange is particularly important for the transport of reactive substances that can be subject to various biogeochemical processes in the subsurface. Advective pumping, ind...

Antibiotic penetration into microbial biofilm was investigated theoretically by the solution of mathematical equations describing various combinations of the processes of diffusion, sorption, and reaction. Unsteady material balances on the antibiotic and on a reactive or sorptive biomass constituent, along with associated boundary and initial conditions, constitute the mathematical formulations...

In the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the concentration of the urine is usually related inversely to the excreted osmotic load. When solute excretion is increased by infusion of relatively nonreabsorbable solute, urine concentration falls toward plasma concentration. Maximum urine concentrations are achieved only when solute excretion is very low. In the dog, the highest urine osmolali...

influence the driving force. Thermodynamic quantities determined from homologous series retention throughout the entire composition range may lead to a better understanding of the driving force and fundamental retention mechanism that results from the inherent differences in chromatographic solvation between acetonitrile and methanol. Tan and co-workers (11) showed that stationary-phase composi...