Particle tracking velocimetry in 3D is becoming an increasingly important imaging tool in the study of fluid dynamics and combustion as well as plasmas. We introduce a dynamic discrete tomography algorithm for reconstructing particle trajectories from projections. The algorithm is efficient for data from two projection directions and exact in the sense that it finds a solution consistent with t...

Diesel engines are the most commonly used internal combustion engines nowadays, especially in European transportation. This preference is due to their low consumption and acceptable driveability and comfort. However, the main disadvantages of traditional direct injection Diesel engines are their high levels of noise, nitrogen oxides (NO x) and soot emissions, and the usage of fossil fuels. In o...

Laser filamentation produced by the propagation of intense laser pulses in flames is opening up new possibility in application to combustion diagnostics that can provide useful information on understanding combustion processes, enhancing combustion efficiency and reducing pollutant products. Here we present simultaneous identification of multiple combustion intermediates by femtosecond filament...

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The design and development of modern internal combustion engines are marked by a reduction in exhaust gas emissions and increase in specific power and torque. Correspondingly, combustion noise excitation and fuel consumption also have to be reduced. These objectives can be achieved through the development of advanced combustion systems, the increased flexibility of fuel injection systems and EC...

Mesoscale internal combustion engines for a variety of new combustion system applications have dimensions that are far smaller than conventional macroscale engines, yet unlike true microscale engines allow significant mean flow and turbulence to be created in the combustion chamber by the injection process. The resulting flow allows minimization of the combustion time by augmenting flame propag...

Comparison arguments are used to study a problem in combustion theory consisting of a nonlinear parabolic equation together with initial and boundary conditions. Upper and lower bounds for the problem are constructed. The lower solutions are used to determine whether the solution of the problem is increasing in time for certain initial condition. Numerical results are presented for the slab, in...

Residential combustion has been identified as one of the main sources of particulate matter (PM); fine particles are important because of their adverse effects on human health and the environment. In this thesis, fine particle emissions originating from residential pellet combustion were characterized in different operational situations and using different raw materials as pellet fuel. Moreover...

Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are reviewed in this work. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved analytically. The Mathematical derivation shows that the solutions for the zero and constant pressure gradients are similar. Descriptions of the proposed formulation and validation against two laminar experiments and three different turbulent flow cases are reported in this pap...

Sulfur trioxide in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is removed and concentrated by absorption in a solution of 80% isopropyl alcohol, which quantitatively absorbs it and inhibits the oxidation of any sulfur dioxide which may be absorbed. The absorbed sulfur trioxide (sulfuric acid) is determined by an absorption titration by using barium chloride as the titrant and thorin as the...