We review the state-of-the-art in the modelling of the aggregation and collective behavior of interacting agents of similar size and body type, typically called swarming. Starting with individual-based models based on “particle”-like assumptions, we connect to hydrodynamic/macroscopic descriptions of collective motion via kinetic theory. We emphasize the role of the kinetic viewpoint in the mod...

Background The foot balance is strongly associated with the body posture which in turn, contributes to musculoskeletal functioning. Unfortunately, children and adolescents in these day often encounter some problems with spinal alignment such as scoliosis, due to the sedentary lifestyle. Conversely, An exercise program specially designed for body posture and balance may be the key to solve these...

Culture plays an important role in shaping body image, and people from different cultures have different beliefs about what constitutes the "ideal" body type. This study examines the relationship between culture and body ideals in Asian-American and Black-American women. Results from two studies show that subjective cultural identity and situational cultural cues had different relationships wit...

BACKGROUND The authors of this manuscript aimed to show the importance of porosity and condensation in health according to traditional Persian medicine (TPM) with consideration of new evidence in conventional medicine. METHODS Cardinal traditional medical and pharmacological texts were searched for the traditional terms of takhalkhol (porosity) and takassof (condensity) focused on preventive ...

Obese postmenopausal women increase their risk of developing breast cancer (BC), in particular if they display an android-type pattern of adiposity, which is also associated to increased risks of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In order to explore the associations among anthropometry (body mass index, body composition, somatotype), some specific items of medical hist...

The aim of this paper is to identify morphological and motor structures which determine the achievement of top results in karate in the age group of younger cadets. With this purpose, a set of 18 morphological measures and a set of 12 motor tests were used on a sample of 60 male and 51 female Croatian karateka aged 13 to 15. Different morphological structures were isolated by factor analysis ac...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether there is an association between a player's physique and injuries incurred while playing rugby football. METHODS A cohort study was carried out involving all senior rugby clubs in the Scottish Borders during the 1993-1994 rugby season. Somatotype estimates were determined for 1152 (95%) of the 1216 eligible players. Body mass index (BMI), chest to waist ratio, a...