γ-Alumina nano particle catalyzed multi component reaction of benzil, arylaldehyde and aryl amines afforded the highly substituted 1,2,4,5-tetraaryl imidazoles with good to excellent yield in less reaction time under the sonication as well as the conventional methods. Convenient operational simplicity, mild conditions and the reusability of catalyst were the other advantages of this developed p...

Results of three semi-continuous anaerobic tests were reported and discussed. Each test was carried out by two parallel anaerobic reactors fed with waste activated sludge, either as it was sampled from the sewage treatment plant of Rome North or previously disintegrated by ultra-sound treatment. Activated sludge was sonicated at the energy input of 5,000 or 2,500 kJ kg(-1) dry solids correspond...

This work aimed at understanding the combined effect of sludge pH, temperature, and external pressure on the efficiency of sewage sludge ultrasound (US) pretreatment. Based on the evolution of both the degree of sludge disintegration (DDCOD) and pH, application of 40 mgNaOH/gTS during 30 min was selected for chemical pretreatment. Mechanical and thermal effects induced by cavitation contributed...

Supramolecular nanorods of 5,15-diaryl-substituted porphyrins prepared by sonication method exhibit a broad absorption property, which is confirmed by photocurrent generation measurement in a photoelectrochemical cell.

The High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was carried out for the estimation of flavonoid content in the medicinal plant Elephantopus scaber [Linn], grown under heat stress conditions. The experimental plant system was subjected to the Heat Stress Induced (HSI) condition for two hours at 40 °C temperature daily for 7 days. Plants grown in Green House condition was taken as a contro...

The object of research is the process convective and combined drying apple raw materials treated before dehydration in an ultrasonic bath. use pretreatment solves issue intensifying maintaining quality product. Sonication for 5 min reduces by 13.7 %, at 10 processing – 27.8 % compared to traditional drying. With increasing time 20 minutes, rate deteriorates. minutes under heating does not inten...

Carica papaya leaf extracts from four different extraction methods (cold-water, hot-water, sonication and supercritical fluid), were characterized using physico-chemical analysis. Sonication showed the highest percentage yield of crude (6.76%) lowest fluid (1.83%). The Infrared (IR) spectrum cold-water extract demonstrated most similarity functional group to quercetin. Likewise, thermal analysi...

As-produced carbon nanotubes come in bundles that must be exfoliated for practical applications in nanocomposites. Sonication not only causes the exfoliation of nanotube bundles but also unwanted scission. An understanding of how precisely sonication induces the scission and exfoliation of nanotubes will help maximising the degree of exfoliation while minimising scission. We present a theoretic...