The large RNA genome of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV; ca. 20 kb) contains 12 open reading frames, with the 3'-terminal one corresponding to a protein of 209 amino acids (p23) that is expressed from an abundant subgenomic RNA. p23, an RNA-binding protein with a putative zinc-finger domain and some basic motifs, is unique to CTV because no homologs have been found in other closteroviruses, includin...

Psychophysical judgments often depend on stimulus context. For example, sugar solutions are judged sweeter when a tasteless fruity aroma has been added. Response context also matters; adding a fruity aroma to sugar increases the rated sweetness when only sweetness is considered but not when fruitiness is judged as well. The interaction between stimulus context and response context has been expl...

Over the past several decades, dental researchers reported different aspects of oral submucous Fibrosis (OSMF). Yet, there is a big lacunae in the present scenario of evidence based dentistry which correlates the role of taste perception among OSMF affected individuals and areca nut chewers. The present study intends to assess and compare different taste perception among areca nut chewing, OSMF...

The biology of the citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama was studied at 258C on four commonly grown citrus and related plants [rough lemon, Citrus jambhiri Lush; sour orange, C. aurantiumL.; grapefruit,C.paradisiMacfadyen; andorange jessamine,Murrayapaniculata(L.) Jack] in the laboratory. The biological characteristics of each life stage are described. The average egg incubation periods on o...

Tetraploid sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) has an S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system; however, individuals can be either self-incompatible (SI) or self-compatible (SC). Unlike the situation in the Solanaceae, where self-compatibility accompanying polyploidization is often due to the compatibility of heteroallelic pollen, the genotype-dependent loss of SI in sour cherry is...

AIMS To identify ascomycetous yeasts recovered from sound and damaged grapes by the presence of honeydew or sour rot. METHODS AND RESULTS In sound grapes, the mean yeast counts ranged from 3.20 +/- 1.04 log CFU g(-1) to 5.87 +/- 0.64 log CFU g(-1). In honeydew grapes, the mean counts ranged from 3.88 +/- 0.80 log CFU g(-1) to 6.64 +/- 0.77 log CFU g(-1). In sour rot grapes counts varied betwe...

in this study, the effect of four citrus rootstocks {sour orange (citrus aurantium), bakraeii (c. reticulata × c. aurantium, mexican lime (c. aurantifolia) and volkamerlemon (c. volkameriana)} on orlando tangelo leaf chlorophyll content and mineral element concentrations (n, p, k, ca, na, mg, fe, zn, mn, cl, cu, and b) have been evaluated in completely randomized design with four replications. ...

ABR Servi e Hung-Shiun Alex Chen, Klara Nahrstedt Department of Computer S ien e University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign f hen5, klarag s.uiu .edu Abstra t The "wait-for-all" feedba k onsolidation algorithm avoids onsolidation noise, but su ers from a slow transient response. Probabilisti Aggregation and Fast Overload Indiation te hniques have been proposed to preserve the advantages of the ...

Mechanisms for Taste Sensation of Carbonation David Yarmolinsky Carbonation, or the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in solution, is a commonly encountered feature of beverages in the contemporary human diet. While the popularity of carbonation may be attributed to its distinct sensory qualities, the specific orosensory pathways mediating CO2 detection in mammals have not previously b...

The DEG/ENaC ion channel family contributes to channels of striking functional diversity. Neuronally expressed family members include the C. elegans degenerins that mediate touch and are thought to be mechanically gated, and the mammalian ASICs, which are gated by protons. ASICs affect a range of sensory functions that includes perception of gentle touch, harsh touch, heat, sour taste, and pain...