introduction: during radiotherapy, high accuracy in the dose delivery is required because there is a strong  relationship between the absorbed dose, local tumor control and particularly the normal tissue damage. in  many institutions, in vivo dosimetry using diodes is performed to check the actual dose delivered. in general,  the uncertainty in the dose delivered should fall within  ± 5% of the...

A number of optical technologies remain to be developed and optimized for various applications in quantum information processing, especially quantum communication. We will give an overview of our approach to some of these, including periodic heralded single-photon sources based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion, ultrabright sources of tunable entangled photons, near unit efficiency sing...

The arguments suggesting an association between the sources of cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are presented. Recent GRB and UHECR observations are shown to strengthen these arguments. Predictions of the GRB model for UHECR production, that may be tested with large area high energy cosmic-ray detectors which are either operating or ...

Several high energy, > 100 GeV, neutrino telescopes are currently operating or under construction. Their main motivation is the extension of the horizon of neutrino astronomy to cosmological scales. We show that general, model independent, arguments imply that ∼ 1 Gton detectors are required to detect cosmic high energy neutrino sources. Predictions of models of some of the leading candidate so...

We present an overview of the properties of the NICMOS flight detectors as measured on-orbit, including the flat-field response, the dark current, the linearity, and the read-noise. We show for the first time all the dependencies of the various components of a NICMOS dark exposure, and show how to generate “synthetic” dark current calibration files. An unexpected time-varying bias known as the ...

The first optical modules of the Baikal high energy neutrino telescope have recently been deployed. Commissioning of the AMANDA, DUMAND and NESTOR detectors will follow soon. Before discussing the detectors we review the arguments that pinpoint 0.1 km as the natural scale of a neutrino telescope. Though present detectors do not quite reach this goal, their techniques, if successful, can be expl...

The sensitivity of the advanced LIGO detectors to gravitational waves can be affected by environmental disturbances external themselves. Since transition from former initial phase, many improvements have been made equipment and techniques used investigate these effects. These methods aided in tracking down mitigating noise sources throughout first three observing runs detector era, keeping ambi...

Thermal fluctuations in the coatings used to make high reflectors are becoming significant noise sources in precision optical measurements and are particularly relevant to advanced gravitational-wave detectors. There are two recognized sources of coating thermal noise; mechanical loss and thermal dissipation. Thermal dissipation causes thermal fluctuations in the coating which produce noise via...

We formulate the data analysis problem for the detection of the Newtonian coalescing-binary signal by a network of laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors that have arbitrary orientations, but are located at the same site. We use the maximum likelihood method for optimizing the detection problem. We show that for networks comprising of up to three detectors, the optimal statistic is ...

We present the initial results of the first germanium strip detector array for the imaging and high-resolution spectroscopy of gamma-ray sources. The array consists of four detectors, 5 x 5 x 1 cm each with 25 strips on each side. The detectors are daisy-chained to hybrid preamplifiers to reduce the number of channels of electronics. Good spectroscopy and imaging are achieved. We also present r...