Deoxygenation of the ocean has been occurring over last half century, particularly in poorly ventilated coastal waters. In and estuarine environments, both water column sediments play key roles controlling oxygen variability. this study, we focus on controls concentration Bedford Basin (BB), a 70 m deep, seasonally hypoxic semi-enclosed fjord West Atlantic coast Nova Scotia. The basin is connec...

Internally heated convection involves the transfer of heat by fluid motion between a distribution sources and sinks. Focusing on balanced case where total added matches taken away sinks, we obtain \emph{a priori} bounds minimum mean thermal dissipation $\langle |\nabla T|^2\rangle$ as measure inefficiency transport. In advective limit, our scale with inverse kinetic energy flow. The constant in...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are photochemically generated in sunlit natural water and involved degradation of organic matter, redox reactions, biological processes. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH), nitric oxide (NO·), singlet (1O2) some the dominant ROS water. In this study, these three were measured samples collected from nine rivers across 65 stations along west to east axis Japan. Quantification ·...