Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, the location of cell bodies and fibres containing adrenocorticotropin hormone/corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (ACTH/CLIP) was studied in the cat diencephalon. Immunoreactivity was observed in several diencephalic nuclei of the cat in which no immunoreactivity has been previously reported. In this sense, a low density of immunoreactive c...

Purpose. To compare the surgical outcomes of limbal versus pars plana vitrectomy using the 23-gauge microincision system for removal of congenital cataracts with primary intraocular lens implantation. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed all eyes that underwent cataract removal through limbal or pars plana incision. Main outcome measures included visual outcomes and complications. Results. We i...

BACKGROUND Over the past decade, practitioners in primary health care (PHC) settings in many countries have issued written prescriptions to patients to promote increased physical activity or exercise. The aim of this study is to describe and analyse a comprehensive physical activity referral (PAR) scheme implemented in a routine PHC setting in Ostergötland County. The study examines characteris...

RETINAL detachment is sometimes due to retinal breaks anterior to the ora serrata in the pars plana ciliaris. This clinical feature has previously been reported by Schepens and Bahn (1950), Schepens (1951), Dobbie and Phillips (1962), and Cox, Schepens, and Freeman (1966) in relation to retinal detachment. Weidenthal and Schepens (1966), who were able to produce retinal breaks at the pars plana...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Progressive changes in the substantia nigra pars compacta and locus ceruleus of patients with Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease visualized by neuromelanin MRI and cardiac postganglionic sympathetic nerve function on (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy have not been fully evaluated. We compared the diagnostic value of these modalities among patients with earl...

Dopamine release can regulate striatal acetylcholine efflux in vivo through at least two receptor mechanisms: (1) direct inhibition by dopamine D2 receptors on the cholinergic neurons, and (2) excitation initiated by dopamine D1 receptors. The neuroanatomical locus of the latter population of D1 receptors and the pathway(s) involved in the expression of their influence are controversial issues....

OBJECT Intraoperative imaging often does not provide adequate visualization to ensure safe placement of screws. Therefore, the authors investigated the accuracy of a freehand technique for placement of pars, pedicle, and intralaminar screws in C-2. METHODS Sixteen cadaveric specimens were instrumented freehand by 2 experienced cervical spine surgeons with either a pars or pedicle screw, and b...

This 16-year-old male patient presented to a chiropractor with low back pain. He related that he hurt his back while playing baseball. His physical examination, including vital signs, was considered normal. His weight was 142 lbs. The patient complained of sharp lumbosacral pain, which was worsened with rotation and extension of the trunk. Extension, left lateral flexion, and left rotation were...

Although the history of ophthalmic surgery can be dated back thousands of years with operations to treat cataracts, surgery involving the vitreous cavity has only been reported for less than 50 years. The initial description of major vitreous surgery was introduced by David Kasner in 1969 (Kasner, 1969). He described excision removal of the vitreous using a sponge and scissors, under an open sk...