Using the concept of leaky modes, we derive the minimum length of a single-mode fiber required to act as a spatial-mode filter of given quality. The degree of filter action is defined by the ratio of power carried by the fundamental mode to that carried by the leaky modes.

We propose a new detection method for ultrasound-modulated optical tomography that allows us to perform parallel speckle detection with optimum shot-noise sensitivity, using a CCD camera. Moreover, we show that making use of a spatial filter system allows us to fully filter out speckle decorrelation noise. This method is confirmed by a test experiment.

In this paper we present a trust and reputation model to classify and filter collaboratively contributed geographic information. We hypothesize that users contribute information in a collaborative system akin to Web 2.0 collaborative applications. We build on previous work where trust is proposed as a proxy for information quality and propose a spatial trust model to filter and extract high qua...

An efficient classification framework for mapping agricultural tillage practice using hyperspectral remote sensing imagery is proposed, which has the potential to be implemented practically to provide rapid, accurate, and objective surveying data for precision agricultural management and appraisal from large-scale remote sensing images. It includes a local region filter [i.e., Gaussian low-pass...

■ Abstract Over the past ten years the scientific basis for reserve selection and design have rapidly developed. This period has also been characterized by a shift in emphasis toward large spatial and organizational scales of conservation efforts. I discuss the evidence in support of this shift toward larger scale conservation by contrasting the success of fine-filter (genes, populations, speci...

I describe a new way of constructing a gauge action that eliminates scaling artifacts, by writing the continuum formalism in terms of “gauge links” (Schwinger line integrals) and using the optimal SLAC representation of the lattice derivative. Computational performance can be maintained by implementing the action as a “stochastic” operator, as has been recently implemented in the MILC code for ...

We propose a frame-based multiple-description video coder. The analysis filter bank is the extension of an orthogonal filter bank which computes the spatial polyphase components of the original video frames. The output of the filter bank is a set of video sequences which can be compressed with a standard coder. The filter bank design is carried out by taking into account two important requireme...