Turbulent flows are ubiquitous both in nature and in engineering applications, with far-reaching implications. Turbulence in wall bounded shear flows such as that in pipes, channels and boundary layers feature turbulent transition at Reynolds numbers for which the laminar flow is linearly stable [1], and often do so in the form of discrete patches of turbulence surrounded by quiescent fluid [2]...

Experimental data are presented for large arrays of rotating, variable-height cylinders in order to study the dependence of the three-dimensional mean flows on the height heterogeneity of the array. Elements in the examined arrays were spatially arranged in the same staggered paired configuration, and the heights of each element pair varied up to 637.5% from the mean height (kept constant acros...

This modeling study evaluates the influence of biofilm geometrical characteristics on substrate mass transfer and conversion rates. A spatially two-dimensional model was used to compute laminar fluid flow, substrate mass transport, and conversion in irregularly shaped biofilms. The flow velocity above the biofilm surface was varied over 3 orders of magnitude. Numerical results show that increas...

As the frequency of more intense storms increases and concerns grow regarding use dams levees, focus has shifted to natural infrastructure (NI) for flood mitigation. NI shown some success at small scales; however, little work been carried out large watershed scale during extreme events. Three measures (afforestation, water farming, control wetlands) were evaluated in Neuse River Basin eastern N...