orcine pleuropneumonia is caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. This organism is thought to be transmitted mainly through direct contact, usually after asymptomatic carrier pigs are introduced into a herd. The possibility of indirect transmission has only occasionally been raised.1,2 Nicolet reported that the source of infection in Swiss specific-pathogen-free (SPF) herds was often unknown...

A 13-residue peptide corresponding to a hydrophobic segment of the antimicrobial 47-residue peptide seminalplasmin, PKLLETFLSKWIG (SPF), has been shown to have antibacterial and hemolytic activities (N. Sitaram and R. Nagaraj, J. Biol. Chem. 265:10438-10442, 1990). In an effort to get an insight into the structural and charge requirements for these biological activities, an analog of SPF in whi...

BACKGROUND The study was designed in order to evaluate the degree of correlation of mitotic index (MI), Ki67 (MIB1) score and S-phase fraction (SPF) as markers of cell proliferation and prognosis in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The series analysed corresponded to 257 consecutive invasive breast carcinoma, treated at the Institut Curie, France, in 1995. Nottingham histological grade an...

A new in-vitro SPF test method for determining the efficacy of sun care products was proposed and evaluated. The test method is based on UV (Ultra Violet) dosage cumulate response using Gafchromic EBT3 film. In-vitro SPF value of 2 sunscreen standards and 15 commercial products, including sunscreen lotions, BB creams, foundations and sprays with organic and/or inorganic UV filters, were measure...

Area is a part of a large network. If the entire network was consisted of a single set of routers, all with a common database, then calculating the SPF would cost exponential time. The main idea is that a router would have to know only its area topological horizon,thus calculating the SPF on a smaller graph which keeps the CPU less busy. Inter-area routing is done by choosing the path to the cl...

the pathogenicity of a recent isolate of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), ir499, isolated from a nonvaccinated flock with 17.5 % mortality rate in susceptible spf chickens, chickens embryos and broilers was discussed. the molecular characterization of the virus based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) pattern was also investigated. the mortality rates were 85% and 22%...

the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of saffron as a natural sunscreen and moisturizer. the pollens of the saffron were dried and powdered in a grinder. the experimental formulations included a homosalate (8%) lotion reference, lotions with 2, 4 and 8% of grinded saffron, and the control lotion base without saffron. the lotions containing saffron were prepared like homosal...

We investigated the effect of multi cycle heating-cooling treatment (HCT) (1, 2, and 3 cycles at 85, 95, 105 °C) on physical properties (color, pasting, crystallinity) morphological sweet potato flour (SPF). The results showed that lightness, pasting viscosity, relative crystallinity SPF decreased gradually as heating temperature numbers were increased. No significant differences crystalline pa...

Subarachnoid-pleural fistula (SPF) is a rare complication of chest or spine operations for neoplastic disease. Concomitant dural and parietal pleural defects permit flow of cerebrospinal fluid into the pleural cavity or intrapleural air into the subarachnoid space. Dural injury recognized intraoperatively permits immediate repair, but unnoticed damage may cause postoperative pleural effusion, i...

The purpose of our experiment was to investigate, if apparently healthy, vaccinated chickens may be involved in maintaining and spreading infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in poultry environments. We aimed at simultaneous detection and identification of very virulent field strain IBDV (vvIBDV) as well as vaccine strain IBDV in experimentally infected chickens. Two groups of specific pathog...