BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to test whether a reciprocal dose-response relation exists between frequency/severity of spinal pain and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). METHODS A total of 616 subjects with varying severity of spinal pain or no spinal pain completed a questionnaire focusing on symptoms in the jaw, head and spinal region. A subset of the population (n = 266) were sample...

Two cases of dynamic lumbar spinal stenosis were identified by the authors using axial loaded magnetic resonance image (MRI). In both cases, the patients presented with neurogenic claudication but MRI in decumbency showed no definite pathologic condition associated with their symptoms. In contrast, axial loaded MRI demonstrated constrictive spinal stenosis and a significantly decreased dural sa...

purpose: to evaluate ophthalmologists’ sitting position during ocular examination and surgery and to evaluate any correlation between musculoskeletal disorders and mean work time.   methods: this cross-sectional study was performed on ophthalmologists in isfahan, iran in different occupational positions including the office, during slitlamp examination and in the operating room. the evaluation ...

leukodystrophies are metabolic disorders of the brain, spinal cord and, in part, of the peripheral nerves that lead to degeneration of the white matter (myelin) of the brain. since mainly nerve tracts, which control voluntary movement, are embedded in myelin, patients with leukodystrophy suffer from progressive movement disorders and later also from mental deterioration. through a survey, we ca...

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system, that predominantly affects the spinal cord and the optic nerve. Its key features include transverse myelitis, commonly associated with extensive inflammation spanning three or more consecutive vertebral segments. Longitudinal extensive spinal cord lesions can also occur in systemic autoimmune diseases, infection...

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a rare cause of spinal cord compression (SCC). EMH represents the growth of blood cells outside of the bone marrow and occurs in a variety of hematologic illnesses, including various types of anemia and myeloproliferative disorders. Although EMH usually occurs in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes, it may also occur within the spinal canal. When this occurs...

Spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders with the final common result of hemorrhage in the spinal epidural space. In this review, the English language literature on SEH is examined. SEH may be acute or chronic, spontaneous, posttraumatic, or iatrogenic. Its occurrence appears to be particularly associated with acquired coagulopathy from medications and disease...

Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is one of the most challenging spinal disorders associated with broad range of clinical and radiological presentation. Correct selection of fusion levels in surgical planning for the management of adult spinal deformity is a complex task. Several classification systems and algorithms exist to assist surgeons in determining the appropriate levels to be instrumented. ...

Lumbar puncture is an essential procedure in the armamentarium of clinicians, and its complications may result if carried out without a proper understanding of the anatomical 2 implications . The conus medullaris or "medullary cone” is the terminal end of the spinal cord and then the spinal nerves continue as dangling nerve roots called cauda equina. There are changes in 3 position of conus med...

Hemiparesis develops in response to a wide range of neurological disorders, such as stroke, neoplasms and several inflammatory processes. Occasionally, it may also occur due to a lesion located in the high cervical spinal cord. In this concise review, we describe the features of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma, which should be included in the large list of stroke mimics. Various concerns r...