Lophiodes infrabrunneus Smith and Radcliffe, 1912 is redescribed on the basis of all known specimens. The species is redefined as: a species of Lophiodes with three dorsal spines, postcephalic spines absent; illicium relatively short, 13.3– 24.2% of SL; second and third dorsal spine relatively short, 12.2–21.2% and 9.1–20.6% of SL respectively, a narrow leaf–like flap, and tendrils present on s...

Background According to reports of the German Public Health Department, up to 80% of the children suffer on postural weakness. Most of them develop during the adolescent growth severe spine diseases like scoliosis. In case of slight postural deformity, patients are able to influence actively the posture of the spine by physiotherapy and training of stance and behaviour [1]. In advanced cases th...

BACKGROUND Fracture morphology is crucial for the clinical decision-making process preceding spinal fracture treatment. The presented experimental approach was designed in order to ensure reproducibility of induced fracture morphology. RESULTS The presented method resulted in fracture morphology, found in clinical classification systems like the Magerl classification. In the calf spine sample...

IL-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL1RAPL1) is responsible for nonsyndromic intellectual disability and is associated with autism. IL1RAPL1 mediates excitatory synapse formation through trans-synaptic interaction with PTPδ. Here, we showed that the spine density of cortical neurons was significantly reduced in IL1RAPL1 knockout mice. The spatial reference and working memories and remote f...

Recent studies on supercapacitors have focused on the development of hierarchical nanostructured carbons by combining two-dimensional graphene and other conductive sp(2) carbons, which differ in dimensionality, to improve their electrochemical performance. Herein, we report a strategy for synthesizing a hierarchical graphene-based carbon material, which we shall refer to as spine-like nanostruc...

In this paper we describe the mechanical design, gait and control for a modular hexapod robot which makes it compliant to terrain while climbing slopes up and down. The robot uses a unique electronically actuated 2DOF universal spine similar to the spine of the Snake and the four legged animals like leopard, tiger etc.By controlling the amount of stiffness of the spine we were able to make the ...

The detection and modeling of the human spine from scanned 3D data is an important issue in biomedical shape analysis. It can be useful for avoiding invasive treatments like radiographs, taken for the purpose of monitoring spine deformations and its correction, as is the cases in scoliosis. This is especially important with children. This work presents a new method for the detection of the huma...

Tuberculosis of spine is common in a developing country like India. However, involvement of spine at multiple levels along with involvement of rib and tubercular breast abscess in an immunocompetent patient without any pulmonary involvement is extremely rare. Here we report a case of 53-year-old immunocompetent lady who presented with quadriparesis and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of spine ...

Despite the difficulties associated with determining atomic-level structures for materials that are fibrous, structural biologists are making headway in understanding the architecture of amyloid-like fibrils. It has long been recognized that these fibrils contain a cross-beta spine, with beta-strands perpendicular to the fibril axis. Recently, atomic structures have been determined for some of ...

The development of dendritic arborizations and spines is essential for neuronal information processing, and abnormal dendritic structures and/or alterations in spine morphology are consistent features of neurons in patients with mental retardation. We identify the neural EGF family member CALEB/NGC as a critical mediator of dendritic tree complexity and spine formation. Overexpression of CALEB/...