The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of green tea by-product and green tea probiotics on the growth performance, meat quality and immune response of finishing pigs. A total of 72 crossbred “Landrace×Yorkshire” finishing pigs with an average of 76 kg body weight were assigned to 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had 3 replications with ...

In this study, the biopolymeric fraction BOS 2000 from Boswellia serrata was evaluated for its potential ability as adjuvants on the immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. Balb/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with OVA 100 μg alone or with OVA 100 μg dissolved in saline containing alum (200 μg) or BOS 2000 (10, 20, 40 and 80 μg) on Days 1 and 15. Two weeks later, OVA specific antibodi...

Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal (IBD) are both one of the most economically important diseases, which cause high infection rate mortality chickens restrict development poultry industry. Currently, vaccination is effective method to prevent ND IBD. In this study, biological adjuvant bivalent vaccine (rClone30-VP2L-chGM-CSF) was developed for preventing Furthermore, immune protective...

Somatostatin, a naturally occurring neuropeptide, is an immunomodulator which inhibits humoral and cell mediated immunity as well as secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a somatostatin analogue on the severity of glomerulonephritis in the female NZB/W F1 murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Twenty female NZB/W F1 mice w...

Prolonged chronic stress has deleterious effects on immune function and is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. The spleen harbors one-fourth of the body's lymphocytes and mediates both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the subset of splenic lymphocytes that respond, either adaptively or maladaptively, to various stressors remains largely unknown. Here we investigated...

Clear (CleA) and cloudy (CloA) apple juices containing different amounts of analyzed procyanidins and pectin were investigated for preventive effects of colon cancer and underlying molecular mechanisms in F344 rats given intraperitoneal injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH; 20 mg/kg body wt) once a week for 4 weeks. Rats received either water (Cont), CleA or CloA (ad libitum) for 7 weeks st...

BALB/c mice immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) and intravenously (i.v.) with Leishmania donovani promastigote membrane antigens (LAg), either free or encapsulated in liposomes, were protected against challenge infection with L. donovani, whereas mice immunized by the subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular routes were not protected. Protected mice showed strong parasite resistance in both the liv...

We tested the anti-inflammatory agent methyl-2-acetamidoacrylate (M2AA), an ethyl pyruvate analog, in a cecal ligation-and-puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in CD-1 mice. M2AA administration at the time of CLP improved survival, renal function, kidney histology, liver injury, and splenocyte apoptosis, and lowered cytokine levels (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and IL-10). When M2AA treatment was dela...

AIM To investigate the efficacy of "ex vivo" adenoviral vector mediated gene transfection of human conjunctival epithelial cell as a possible route for gene therapy for the distribution of anti-inflammatory agents for the potential treatment of immune mediated ocular inflammatory disorders. METHODS Human conjunctival cells (HCs) were cultured with various concentrations of recombinant adenovi...

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice is accompanied by splenomegaly due to the selective expansion of immature CD11b+ myeloblasts. Both disease manifestations are more pronounced in interferon-gamma receptor knock-out (IFN-gammaR KO) mice. We have taken advantage of this difference to test the hypothesis that the expanding CD11b+ splenic cell population constitutes a source from which osteo...