Because observations of galaxies and clusters have been found inconsistent with General Relativity (GR), the focus of effort in developing a Scalar Potential Model (SPM) has been on the examination of galaxies and clusters. The SPM has been found to be consistent with cluster cellular structure, the flow of IGM from spiral galaxies to elliptical galaxies , intergalactic redshift without an expa...

We show how a scanning probe microscope (SPM) can be used to image electron flow through InAs nanowires, elucidating the physics of nanowire devices on a local scale. A charged SPM tip is used as a movable gate. Images of nanowire conductance versus tip position spatially map the conductance of InAs nanowires at liquid-He temperatures. Plots of conductance versus backgate voltage without the ti...

The association of a receptor (Rs) of the Spm system with a Bz-1 allele has created a two-element Spm-controlled bz-mutable allele (bz-m13) of maize (Zea mays L.). In the absence of Spm, one copy of bz-m13 (bz/bz/bz-m13 ) conditions full anthocyanin production in the aleurone layer of the seed. In the presence of this Spm, bz-m13 produces a unique, coarsely variegated seed phenotype and has a h...

Since the discovery in the late 18th century of electrically induced mechanical response in muscle tissue, coupling between electrical and mechanical phenomena has been shown to be a near-universal feature of biological systems. Here, we employ scanning probe microscopy (SPM) to measure the sub-Angstrom mechanical response of a biological system induced by an electric bias applied to a conducti...

These Release Notes summarize changes made in the latest release of the SPM software, SPM8. This is a major update, containing theoretical, algorithmic, structural and interface enhancements over previous versions. Some of the changes described below were already available in the most recent updates of SPM5, while most of them have been introduced in this new release. Although we have tried har...

Niemann-Pick disease type B (NPD-B) is caused by a partial deficiency of acid sphingomyelinase activity and results in the accumulation of lysosomal sphingomyelin (SPM) predominantly in macrophages. Notably, SPM is not significantly elevated in the plasma, whole blood, or urine of NPD-B patients. Here, we show that the de-acylated form of sphingomyelin, lyso-SPM, is elevated approximately 5-fol...

We present a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) associated with sex. A 22-year-old lesbian with a history of asthma, cigarette and illicit drug smoking was diagnosed with a SPM after developing chest pain and dyspnoea in the context of performing oral sex. The main finding was subcutaneous emphysema involving the neck. SPM is an important differential diagnosis for chest pain in young ...

SUMMARY In this paper, we describe the design, fabrication, and testing of monolithically micromachined silicon probes for scanning probe microscope (SPM) applications. An SPM probe consists of three parts: an atomically sharp tip, a supporting flexural beam, and a handle. Unique design and fabrication processes allow probes with uniform geometry be developed efficiently. The process is robust ...

The segmentations by human, TPS method, and SPM method are given in Figure 3. The summary table for all the coefficients and indices is given in Table 1, which shows that the performance of TPS is similar to that of SPM by comparing against manual segmentation. Also, the TPS segmentations tend to have smaller variances than the SPM segmentations. The subpixel property of TPS method is shown in ...