A method for constructing a simple, durable injection-microelectrode (injectrode) is described. The injectrode can record neuronal activity, stimulate neuronal tissues, or inject substances locally through its tip. The injectrode is lightweight and is easy to construct from commercially available parts, and it can be used repeatedly for multiple recordings and injections. Since dura penetration...

During routine nasal intubation of a premature infant, the endotracheal tube penetrated the brain. Bloodstained cerebrospinal fluid and neural tissue was apparent. Initial cranial sonography was normal, but the infant later developed extensive intracranial haemorrhage. Rotation of an endotracheal tube to facilitate insertion angles the bevel at the tip upwards, increasing risk of brain penetrat...

For the purpose of providing scientific insights to combustion characteristics spray jet, numerical calculations reacting and non-reacting cases are performed for ECN (engine network) Spray A (n-dodecane combustion) which coupled finite chemistry model PaSR detailed chemical reaction kinetics based on OpenFOAM. The applicability accuracy is verified in case, it found that predicted such as pene...

We measure the thickness of the heavy water layer trapped under the stress corrosion fracture surface of silica using neutron reflectivity experiments. We show that the penetration depth is 65-85   Å, suggesting the presence of a damaged zone of ∼100   Å extending ahead of the crack tip during its propagation. This estimate of the size of the damaged zone is compatible with other recent results.

Transient chlorine concentration profiles were measured in biofilms during disinfection by use of a microelectrode developed for this investigation. The electrode had a tip diameter of ca. 10 microm and was sensitive to chlorine in the micromolar range. The biofilms contained Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Chlorine concentrations measured in biofilms were typically only 20% o...

AIM To assess radiographically irrigant penetration in the root canal system of curved roots during root canal shaping procedures ex vivo. METHODOLOGY Thirty extracted mandibular molar teeth with moderate to severe curvature were used. A special aiming device was used to guarantee that each successive radiograph was taken with the same positioning. The mesiolingual canal of each tooth was ins...

Two-dimensional phase Doppler anemometry measurements have been carried out to determine the size and velocity distributions of electrosprayed droplets generated from methanol-water mixtures. We investigated spraying conditions close to those of electrospray ionization sources. The droplet size and the axial and radial velocity distributions were measured as a function of liquid flow rate, need...

This study focuses on utilizing cone penetrometer models to determine strength (resistance) of sandy soil and also assessment how the relative density angle friction effects measured penetration resistance in soil. Simple empirical equations are used components such as sleeve tip resistance. comparison is performed between calculated well agreement noticed them.

This study investigates the transient behavior of an electro-thermal drilling probe (ETDP) during a close-contact melting process within glacier. In particular, present work analyzes effect tip temperature on formation molten thin liquid films and subsequent rate penetration (ROP) through numerical simulation. We used commercial code ANSYS Fluent (v.17.2) to solve Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stoke...

Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of the devastating bacterial wilt disease, which colonizes susceptible Medicago truncatula via the intact root tip. Infection involves four steps: appearance of root tip symptoms, root tip cortical cell invasion, vessel colonization, and foliar wilting. We examined this pathosystem by in vitro inoculation of intact roots of susceptible or resistant M. ...