Although diagnostic ultrasound has been used in many centers for obstetrical and gynecological diagnosis over the past twenty years, and there has been a slow but steady growth in cardiology investigation, until recently there have been few other clinical applications. The current exponential growth in diagnostic ultrasound was heralded by the introduction of a new technology which is known as ...

Using the Census data 1976-2006 besides HIES in 1984, this paper establishes that the “Iran’s Baby Boom” in the late 1970’s and the early 1980’s coincided with an increase in the number of marriages. In addition, the paper shows that different generations peaked their life cycle number of children over the same period, which increased their age specific fertilities and consequently TFR during t...

The nascent literature on prison proliferation in the United States typically reveals negative impacts for communities of color. Given that Southern rural communities were the most likely to build during the prison boom (1970–2010), however, a more nuanced understanding of prison impact is warranted. Using a dataset matching and geocoding all 1663 U.S. prisons with their Census-appointed place,...

Existing studies suggest that individual and household level economic shocks affect the demand for and supply of risky sex. However, little evidence exists on the effects of an aggregate shock on equilibrium risky sexual behavior. This paper examines the effects of the early twenty-first century copper boom on risky sexual behavior in Zambian copper mining cities. The results suggest that the c...

We propose a novel two-level Boolean minimizer coming in succession to our previously developed minimizer BOOM, so we have named it BOOM-II. It is a combination of two minimizers, namely BOOM and FC-Min. Each of these two methods has its own area where it is most efficiently applicable. We have combined these two methods together to be able to solve all kinds of problems efficiently, independen...