The current status of some methods to determine the weak phase γ of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element V ∗ ub using B decays is discussed, and comments are made on accuracy achievable in the next few years.

We present two solutions to the firing synchronization problem on the ring, an 8-state minimal-time solution and a 6-state non-minimaltime solution. Both solutions use fewer states than the previous bestknown minimal-time automaton, a 16-state solution due to Culik. We also give the first lower bounds on the number of states needed for solutions to the ring firing synchronization problem. We sh...

We consider the problem of synchronizing the activity of all the membranes of a P system. After pointing at the connection with a similar problem dealt with in the field of cellular automata where the problem is called the firing squad synchronization problem, FSSP for short, we provide two algorithms to solve this problem. One algorithm is nondeterministic and it works in the time 3h, where h ...

In this paper we describe the use of QE, a framework that aims to obtain predictions on the quality of translations, to improve the performance of machine translation (MT) systems without changing their internal functioning. We apply QE to experiments with: i. multiple system translation ranking, where translations produced by different MT systems are ranked according to their estimated q...

We review the present status of the Standard Model of CP violation, which is based on a complex phase in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. So far CP violation has been observed only in K −K mixing, consistent with a sizable phase. The implications of future CP nonconserving measurements in K and B decays are discussed within the model. Direct CP violation in K → 2π may be observed in ...

Information about the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix describing the chargechanging weak transitions between quarks with charges −1/3 (d, s, b) and 2/3 (u, c, t) has been steadily improving over the years. Despite a wealth of overconstraining experiments, no significant inconsistencies in its parameters have emerged so far. One seeks greater accuracy in the determination of CKM elements ...

I present a decentralized market protocol for allocating and scheduling tasks among agents to form supply chains. The protocol resolves constraints arising from hierarchical subtask relationships and resource scarcity. Agents negotiate through auctions according to speci ed bidding policies, and the auctions in turn determine the allocations and prices of the tasks and resources. I describe som...