Several deficient steel structural members require to be strengthened all over the world. In this article, horizontal defects were generated at three locations (top, middle, and bottom) on the middle element and the middle of the side element. Consequently, the effects of the location of such defects on axial behavior of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthened steel Square Hollow Se...

AIM To introduce a new concept, the self-adjusting file (SAF), and discuss its unique features compared with current rotary nickel-titanium file systems. THE NEW CONCEPT The SAF file is hollow and designed as a thin cylindrical nickel-titanium lattice that adapts to the cross-section of the root canal. A single file is used throughout the procedure. It is inserted into a path initially prepar...

Trees are one of the most useful plants for life on earth. However, trees can be harmful due to cavities in stem sections. Rapid detection is needed prevent several losses that may arise fallen trees. This research identified a hollow and non-hollow tree section flamboyant with sub-surface radar system. The sub surface system was modeled using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) connected Vivaldi ant...